Complex defense signaling pathways, controlled by different hormones, are involved in the reaction of plants to a wide range biotic and abiotic stress factors. We studied ability salicylic acid, jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET) induce systemic rice (Oryza sativa) against root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Exogenous ET (ethephon) JA (methyl jasmonate) supply on shoots induced strong response roots, exemplified major up-regulation pathogenesis-related genes OsPR1a OsPR1b, while acid...

Significance We communicate the rather remarkable observation that among 291 tested accessions of cultivated sweet potato, all contain one or more transfer DNA (T-DNA) sequences. These sequences, which are shown to be expressed in a potato clone (“Huachano”) was analyzed detail, suggest an Agrobacterium infection occurred evolutionary times. One T-DNAs is apparently present clones, but not crop’s closely related wild relatives, suggesting T-DNA provided trait traits were selected for during...

Summary Rice is one of the most important staple crops worldwide, but its yield compromised by different pathogens, including plant‐parasitic nematodes. In this study we have characterized specific and general responses rice ( O ryza sativa ) roots challenged with two endoparasitic nematodes very modes action. Local transcriptional changes in upon root knot M eloidogyne graminicola rot nematode (RRN, H irschmanniella oryzae infection were studied at time points (3 7 d after infection, dai),...

Being one of the major staple foods in world, and an interesting model monocot plant, rice (Oryza sativa L.) has recently received attention from molecular nematologists studying cellular aspects interaction between this crop plant-parasitic nematodes. In review, we highlight recent advances field, with a focus on best-studied root-knot Histological studies have revealed changes inside nematode–induced feeding sites, both compatible Oryza incompatible related species glaberrima. After...

The importance of phytohormone balance is increasingly recognized as central to the outcome plant-pathogen interactions. Next their well-known developmental role, brassinosteroids (BR) were recently found be involved in plant innate immunity. In this study, we examined role BR rice (Oryza sativa) immunity during infection with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, and studied inter-relationship jasmonate (JA) pathway. Exogenous epibrassinolide (BL) supply at low concentrations induced...

One of the reasons for progressive yield decline observed in aerobic rice production is rapid build-up populations root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. These nematodes induce specialized feeding cells inside tissue, called giant cells. By injecting effectors and sipping metabolites out these cells, they reprogramme normal cell development deprive plant its nutrients. In this research we have studied transcriptome rice, after isolation by laser-capture microdissection. The expression...

Summary Studies involving plant–nematode interactions provide an opportunity to unravel plant defense signaling in root tissues. In this study, we have characterized the roles of salicylate ( SA ), jasmonate JA ethylene ET ) and abscisic acid ABA against migratory nematode H irschmanniella oryzae monocot model rice O ryza sativa ). Experiments with exogenous hormone applications, biosynthesis inhibition mutant/transgenic lines were executed test effect on . parasitism roots. Our results...

Background: Biochar is a solid coproduct of biomass pyrolysis, and soil amended with biochar has been shown to enhance the productivity various crops induce systemic plant resistance fungal pathogens.The aim this study was explore ability wood root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne graminicola in rice (Oryza sativa cv.Nipponbare) examine its histochemical molecular impact on defense mechanisms.Results: A 1.2 % concentration added potting medium found be most effective at reducing development...

Induced resistance (IR), which enables plants to increase their resilience against insect pests and microbial pathogens by promoting own immunity, has been recognized for its value in crop protection schemes. Despite promising applications, the use of IR remained marginal compared with pesticides single genes. This review aims shed light on this disparity examining scientific milestones achieved over past decades both internal (immunological) external (ecological) strategies. The...

Baobab (Adansonia digitata) is a multi-purpose tree used daily by rural African communities. The present study aimed at investigating the level of morphometric and genetic variation spatial structure within between threatened baobab populations from three climatic zones Benin.A total 137 individuals six were analysed using data as well molecular marker generated AFLP technique.Five primer pairs resulted in 217 scored bands with 78.34 % them being polymorphic. A two-level AMOVA revealed 82.37...

The establishment of galls and syncytia as feeding sites induced by root-knot cyst nematodes, respectively, involves a progressive increase in nuclear cellular size. Here we describe the functional characterization endocycle activators CCS52A, CCS52B repressor endocycle, DEL1, during two types nematode site development Arabidopsis thaliana. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression CCS52A1 was strongly DEL1 stably but weakly expressed throughout development. Down-regulation...

The nonprotein amino acid β-aminobutyric (BABA) is known to protect plants against various pathogens. mode of action relatively diverse and specific in different plant-pathogen systems. To extend the analysis BABA plant-parasitic nematodes monocot plants, we evaluated effect root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne graminicola rice. treatment rice inhibited penetration resulted delayed giant cell development. BABA-induced resistance (BABA-IR) was still functional mutants or transgenics defective...

Plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes induce the formation of giant cells within plant root, and it has been recognized that auxin accumulates in these feeding sites. Here, we studied role transport system governed by AUX1/LAX3 influx proteins different PIN efflux during site development Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Data generated via promoter-reporter line protein localization analyses evoke a model which is being imported at basipetal side concerted action AUX1 LAX3, PIN3. Mutants LAX3 bear...

Background and Aims The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is responsible for production losses in rice (Oryza sativa) Asia Latin America. accession TOG5681 of African rice, O. glaberrima, presents improved resistance to several biotic abiotic factors, including nematodes. aim this study was assess the cytological molecular mechanisms underlying accession. Methods Penetration development M. susceptible sativa genotype 'Nipponbare' were compared by microscopic observation infected...

Summary A role for DNA hypomethylation has recently been suggested in the interaction between bacteria and plants; it is unclear whether this phenomenon reflects a conserved response. Treatment of plants monocot rice dicot tomato with nematode‐associated molecular patterns from different nematode species or bacterial pathogen‐associated pattern flg22 revealed global hypomethylation. similar response was observed during early gall induction by Meloidogyne graminicola rice. Evidence causal...

Although many phenylpropanoid pathway-derived molecules act as physical and chemical barriers to pests pathogens, comparatively little is known about their role in regulating plant immunity. To explore this research field, we transiently perturbed the pathway through application of CINNAMIC ACID-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) inhibitor piperonylic acid (PA). Using bioassays involving diverse show that transient C4H inhibition triggers systemic, broad-spectrum resistance higher plants without affecting...

Rice diterpenoid phytoalexins (DPs) are secondary metabolites with a well known role in resistance to foliar pathogens. As DPs also be produced and exuded by rice roots, we hypothesised that they might play an important plant-nematode interactions, particularly defence against phytoparasitic nematodes. We used transcriptome analysis on roots analyse the effect of infection root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola or treatment resistance-inducing chemical stimuli DP biosynthesis genes,...