Long-term training of motor skills reorganizes circuits to bypass primary cortex.

This Letter presents an enhanced temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation (MPE) microscope in which the conventional diffraction grating is replaced by a digital micromirror device (DMD). Experimental results from imaging thin fluorescence film show that 4.0 μm axial resolution of comparable with setup incorporating 600 lines/mm grating; hence, optical sectioning ability proposed demonstrated. Similar to grating, DMD diffracts illuminating light frequencies for focusing; additionally,...

In this study, the light diffraction of temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) and patterning nonlinear structured-illumination (NSIM) can be simultaneously accurately implemented via a single high-resolution digital micromirror device. The lateral axial spatial resolutions TFMPEM are remarkably improved through second-order NSIM projected structured light, respectively. experimental results demonstrate that enhanced from 397 nm to 168 (2.4-fold) 2.33 μm 1.22...

Temporal profile distortions reduce excitation efficiency and image quality in temporal focusing-based multiphoton microscopy. In order to compensate the distortions, a wavefront sensorless adaptive optics system (AOS) was integrated into microscope. The feedback control signal of AOS acquired from local intensity maximization via hill-climbing algorithm. then utilized drive deformable mirror such way as eliminate distortions. With correction, not only is axial symmetrically refocused, but...

Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy (TFMPM) has the advantage of area excitation in an axial confinement only a few microns; hence, it can offer fast three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Herein, volumetric imaging via developed digital micromirror device (DMD)-based TFMPM been realized through synchronization electron multiplying charge-coupled (EMCCD) with dynamic piezoelectric stage for scanning. The rate achieve 30 volumes per second according to EMCCD frame more than 400 frames second,...

Abstract A dual-resonant scanning multiphoton (DRSM) microscope incorporating a tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens with resonant mirror is developed for high-speed volumetric imaging. In the proposed microscope, pulse train signal femtosecond laser used to trigger an embedded field programmable gate array sample excited fluorescence at rate one pixel per pulse. It shown that frame around 8000 Hz can be obtained in x–z plane image region size 256 × 80 pixels. Moreover, imaging...

Abstract A developed temporal focusing‐based multiphoton excitation microscope (TFMPEM) has a digital micromirror device (DMD) which is adopted not only as blazed grating for light spatial dispersion but also patterned illumination simultaneously. Herein, the TFMPEM been extended to implement spatially modulated at structured frequency and orientation increase beam coverage back‐focal aperture of objective lens. The axial confinement (AEC) can be condensed from 3.0 μm 1.5 50 % improvement....

Temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) enables fast widefield biotissue imaging with optical sectioning. However, under illumination, the performance is severely degraded by scattering effects, which induce signal crosstalk and a low signal-to-noise ratio in detection process, particularly when deep layers. Accordingly, present study proposes cross-modality learning-based neural network method for performing image registration restoration. In proposed method,...

A dual-resonant scanning multiphoton (DRSM) microscope incorporating a tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens and resonant mirror is developed for rapid volumetric bioimaging. It shown that the achieves imaging rate up to 31.25 volumes per second (vps) volume 200 × 100 µm 3 with 256 128 voxels. However, images have severe negative signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as result large number missing voxels presence Lissajous patterning residuals. Thus, modified three-dimensional...

A temporal focusing multiphoton illumination (TFMI) method is proposed for achieving selective volume (SVI) (i.e., illuminating only the of interest) in light-field microscopy (LFM). The minimizes background noise LFM images and enhances contrast, thus improves imaging quality. Three-dimensional (3D) volumetric achieved by reconstructing using a phase-space deconvolution algorithm. experimental results obtained 100-nm fluorescent beads show that TFMI-LFM system achieves lateral axial...

Fungus gnats (Sciaridae) are one of the most devastating pests on mushroom farms. Generally, they controlled using relatively inefficient physical means, like sticky or pheromone traps, with chemical pesticides. Here, we have proposed an integrated fungus gnat control system combining a UV-A LED source at 365 nm and high-power laser diode 445 nm. The serves light trap, since previous studies concluded that show maximum attraction in range 365–390 is also modulated different frequencies,...

Significance: Line scanning-based temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy (TFMPM) has superior axial excitation confinement (AEC) compared to conventional widefield TFMPM, but the frame rate is limited due limitation of single line-to-line scanning mechanism. The development multiline TFMPM requires only eight patterns for full-field uniform and it still maintains AEC. Aim: optimized parallel developed, performance verified with theoretical simulation. system provides a sharp AEC equivalent...

In this study, we implement temporal-focusing multiphoton selective excitation (TFMPSE) to light field microscopy (LFM), illuminating only the volume of interest, thus significantly reducing background noise and providing higher contrast accuracy for image reconstruction; furthermore, offering penetration depth in scattering tissue via multiphoton. 3D human-skin situ immunofluorescence images are used demonstrate volumetric bioimaging capability. The rate TFMPSE-LFM can achieve around 100...

Abstract Temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) just provides the advantage of widefield optical sectioning ability with axial resolution several micrometers. However, under plane excitation, photons emitted from molecules in turbid tissues undergo scattering, resulting complicated background noise and an impaired image quality. Accordingly, this study constructs a general comprehensive numerical model TFMPEM utilizing Fourier optics performs simulations to...

Multiphoton microscopy is a very important and powerful technique in the application of in-vivo drosophila brain imaging. However, photon budget, which compromising between imaging speed, spatial resolution accumulating time, remains huge challenge biological compatibility. Rapid dual-resonant volumetric multiphoton combines tunable acoustic gradient (TAG) lens resonant mirror, can achieve up to 8 kHz frame rate hundreds hertz volumes per second temporal resolution. Adaptively sampling each...

Abstract Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a valuable tool for noninvasive and quantitative analysis of biotissue, particularly within the spectral range 670 to 1000 nm due inherent transparency. This technique facilitates assessment crucial chromophores including deoxyhemoglobin (Hb), oxyhemoglobin (HbO 2 ) oxidized state cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), enabling real-time evaluation oxygenation metabolism in human brain other tissues vivo . However, influence light scattering its...

Caterpillars have been causing havoc to agriculture due feeding aggressively on the foliage of crops. The current methods pest control like sticky traps or pheromone work adult moths, but not foraging caterpillars. Chemical means pesticides are effective, chemical residues crops concerning. Therefore, this study aims primarily track and estimate 3D position caterpillars in orchards real-time. To end, we employed state-of-the-art object detector YOLOv7, combined with <i>Simple Online Realtime...

Temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) can rapidly provide 3D imaging in neuroscience; however, due to the widefield illumination and use of camera detector, strong scattering emission photons through biotissue will degrade image quality reduce penetration depth. As a result, TFMPEM images suffers from poor spatial resolution low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), burying weak fluorescent signals small structures such as neurons calyx part, especially for deep layers under...

To perform real-time stimulation of neurons and simultaneous observation the neural connectome, a deep learning-based computer-generated holography (DeepCGH) system has been developed. This utilized network to generate hologram, which is then projected onto high refresh rate spatial light modulator (SLM) fast 3D micropatterns. However, DeepCGH had two limitations: computation time increased as number input layers grew, it cannot reconstruct arbitrary micropatterns within same model. address...

Temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy has wide field-of-view and optical sectioning. By using digital micromirror device, it provides patterned illumination. However, without filling the back aperture of objective lens, axial confinement is limited to micron-meters, leading out-of-focus fluorophores excited image blurred. In this study, Hilbert-Huang transform proposed reduce background noise. The empirical mode decomposition first applied disassemble into intrinsic functions...

Abstract Temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) just provides the advantage of widefield optical sectioning ability with axial resolution several micrometers. However, under plane excitation, photons emitted from molecules in turbid tissues undergo scattering, resulting complicated background noise and an impaired image quality. Accordingly, this study constructs a theoretical model TFMPEM utilizing Fourier optics performs numerical simulations to determine...

Fungus gnats (Sciaridae) are one of the notorious pests in mushrooms plantations. generally dealt with using relatively inefficient physical and chemical means, such as sticky traps pesticides, respectively. Here, we have proposed an integrated pest control system composed a UV-A LED source at 365 nm, galvo-mirror pair, 445 nm high-power laser diode. We used innovative light trap, since fungus gnats' show maximum attraction to based on previous studies. also modulated various frequencies...

The imaging speed of Temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) is up to hundreds frames rate. However, the plane illumination manner suffers from sever scattering biotissue and signal crosstalk that blurs image. And deeper worse. Nevertheless, high acquisition rate decreases effective excited fluorescent, which reduces signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) In order solve low SNR issues, deep learning method proposed restore TFMPEM this work, we construct a powerful neuron network...