We have investigated the electronic structure of graphite oxide using X-ray absorption spectroscopy at carbon and oxygen K-edges. The unoccupied π* σ* states associated with sp2 hybridization in graphite, are also apparent oxide, which indicates that it has a graphitic even though experiences oxidation annealing. Additional not present its precursor, ascribed to functional groups such as epoxide, carboxyl, hydroxyl groups.

Graphite oxide constitutes a hexagonal carbon network with oxygen atoms in carbon-oxide ether ring formations and hydroxyl molecules. We have studied graphite first-principles density functional theory calculation for different oxidation levels. The form 1,2-ether groups (epoxides) on the grid, adjacent atoms, but at opposite side of plane, cannot 1,3-ether oxygens because higher formation energy. transverse wrinkling grid is about $0.5\text{ }\text{\AA{}}$, mostly due to deformation around...

Eschar is an important finding for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. The IFA test possible typhus was performed. presence or absence eschar thoroughly examined. Among 176 cases confirmed by IFA, 162 (92.0%) had eschar; 128 patients (79.5%) eschars on front body. Eschars were primarily detected in males within 30 cm below umbilicus (19 patients, 35.8%). Distributions lower extremities and chest above 22.6% (12 patients) 20.8% (11 patients), respectively. A different pattern seen females. most...

We studied the prevalence and trend of obesity metabolic syndrome in Korean adults aged at least 20 years using National Health Examination Nutrition Survey data from 1998 2001. The body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg m(-2) among 2001 was 32.9% men 27.4% women, number with BMI has increased markedly since 1998. A significant positive association between socioeconomic status found men, whereas a negative identified women. rates waist circumference (WC) 90 cm WC 85 women were 23.4% 23.1%...

Fires and their associated carbon air pollutant emissions have a broad range of environmental societal impacts, including negative effects on human health, damage to terrestrial ecosystems, indirect that promote climate change. Previous studies investigated future from the perspective response change population growth, but compound other factors like economic development land use are not yet well known. We explored fire throughout 21st century by changing five (meteorology, biomass, use,...

The heat reduction effect of trees has been investigated through numerical simulations; however, there are still challenges to applying the scientific results planning process due model's complexity and computational resources required. This study investigates a rapid spatial evaluation method for stress potential, measured by mean radiant temperature (MRT), decomposing radiation into sub-radiation using multilayer MRT model. also enables reproduction optimized layouts considering tree...

Extreme heat exposure has severe negative impacts on humans, and the issue is exacerbated by climate change. Estimating spatial stress such as mean radiant temperature (MRT) currently difficult to apply at city scale. This study constructed a method for estimating MRT of street canyons using Google Street View (GSV) images investigated its large-scale patterns level. We used image segmentation deep learning calculate view factor (VF) project panorama into fisheye images. calculated sun paths...

Red meat consumption is associated with an elevated risk of mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In contrast, forage fish, as highly nutritious, environmentally friendly, affordable, and the most abundant fish species in ocean, are receiving increasing interest a global food system perspective. However, little research has examined impact replacing red diet on diet-related NCDs. Methods We based our study datasets projections 2050 for 137 countries catches. replaced each country...

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility performing eschar polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis scrub typhus through a prospective comparison PCR results with indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) results.We conducted multicenter involving patients possible typhus. Whole-blood samples and eschars were obtained serological evaluation PCR. A new crust formed several days later at site removed eschar. newly taken performance second Additional blood...

High-quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been synthesized over Fe−Mo/MgO catalyst by catalytic decomposition of ethylene at 800 °C. The produced material primarily consists a SWNT bundle with few defects and very small amount amorphous coating. diameter an individual is in the range 0.7−2.8 nm. as-synthesized SWNTs high yield 550% relative to weight Fe−Mo metal catalyst. Our results show that can be ideal source for synthesis SWNTs. We suggest promise large-scale production...

Understanding the urban heat problem, which is intensifying owing to urbanization and climate change, has become a great challenge. Evaluating thermal environment of spaces predicting changes based on planning are essential for developing optimal cooling plans. This study addresses pressing challenge by three-dimensional surface model (3D-USM) conducting spatiotemporal comfort simulations, providing valuable insights development effective strategies in face change. Mean radiant temperature...

Diabet. Med. 29, 1165‐1170 (2012) Abstract Aims The aim of this study was to investigate whether increased apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A‐I ratio is associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus independent other risk factors for diabetes. Methods A total 70 063 subjects (41 391 men and 28 672 women; mean age 41.5 years) who visited the Health Screening Center at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital a routine medical check‐up between January 2009 December were enrolled in study. Results 0.66 ± 0.18....

Abstract Fire emits hazardous air pollutants, the most dominant of which is fine particulate matter diameter ⩽2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 ). PM a great concern due to its adverse effects on public health. Previous studies have examined health burden from fire-related for historical period; however, future global mortality associated with fire-PM , particularly under coexisting impacts climate and socioeconomic changes, yet be projected. Here, we estimated (fire-PM mortality) present period (2010s) then...