A5006610331- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases
- Blood donation and transfusion practices
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Travel-related health issues
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Diverse Scientific Research Studies
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Clinton Health Access Initiative
2014-2024
Perth Children's Hospital
2024
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
2024
The Kids Research Institute Australia
2024
University of Liberia
2024
Princess Margaret Hospital for Children
2024
Malaria Consortium
2015-2022
To prevent child deaths from severe malaria, early parenteral treatment is essential. Yet, in remote rural areas, accessing facilities offering antimalarials may be difficult. A randomised controlled trial found pre-referral with rectal artesunate (RAS) to reduce and disability children who arrived at a referral facility delay. This study examined the effectiveness of RAS implemented through routine procedures established community-based health care systems.An observational accompanied...
The key to reducing malaria deaths in highly endemic areas is prompt access quality case management. Given that many severe cases occur at peripheral level, rectal artesunate (RAS) the form of suppositories was developed 1990s, allowing for rapid initiation life-saving antimalarial treatment before referral a health facility with full management capabilities. One randomized controlled trial published 2009 showed protective effect RAS pre-referral against overall mortality 26%, but...
ACTs are responsible for a substantial proportion of the global reduction in malaria mortality over last ten years, made possible by publicly-funded subsidies making these drugs accessible and affordable private sector. However, inexpensive available retail outlets have contributed substantially to overconsumption. We test an innovative, scalable strategy target ACT-subsidies clients with confirmatory diagnosis. supported testing(mRDTs) 39 medicine western Kenya, randomized three study arms;...
Children who receive prereferral rectal artesunate (RAS) require urgent referral to a health facility where appropriate treatment for severe malaria can be provided. However, the rapid improvement of child's condition after RAS administration may influence caregiver's decision follow this recommendation. Currently, evidence on effect completion is limited.An observational study accompanied roll-out in three endemic settings Democratic Republic Congo (DRC), Nigeria and Uganda. Community...
In the thirteen years since first report of pfhrp2-deleted parasites in 2010, World Health Organization (WHO) has found that 40 47 countries surveyed worldwide have reported pfhrp2/3 gene deletions. Due to a high prevalence deletions causing false-negative HRP2 RDTs, last five years, Eritrea, Djibouti and Ethiopia switched or started switching using alternative target pan-specific-pLDH P. falciparum specific-pLDH alone combination with HRP2. However, manufacturing RDTs not been brought scale...
Maintaining quality, competitiveness and innovation in global health technology is a constant challenge for manufacturers, while affordability, access equity are challenges governments international agencies. In this paper we discuss these issues with reference to rapid diagnostic tests malaria. Strategies control eliminate malaria depend on early accurate diagnosis. Rapid require little training equipment can be performed by non-specialists remote settings. Use of has expanded significantly...
Abstract Background Tanzania has seen a reduction in the fraction of fevers caused by malaria, likely due part to scale-up control measures. While national guidelines require parasite-based diagnosis prior treatment, it is estimated that more than half suspected malaria treatment-seeking initiates private retail sector, where rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or microscopy illegal. This pilot study investigated whether introduction RDTs into Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDOs) under...
Background For a full treatment course of severe malaria, community-administered pre-referral rectal artesunate (RAS) should be completed by post-referral consisting an injectable antimalarial and oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). This study aimed to assess compliance with this recommendation in children under 5 years. Methods findings observational accompanied the implementation RAS Democratic Republic Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Uganda between 2018 2020. Antimalarial was assessed...
Abstract Background An estimated 50% of suspected malaria cases in sub-Saharan Africa first seek care the private sector, especially medicine retail outlets. Quality these outlets is generally unknown but considered poor with many patients not receiving a confirmatory diagnosis or recommended first-line artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). In 2010, subsidy pilot scheme, Affordable Medicines Facility malaria, was introduced to crowd out use monotherapies favour WHO-pre-qualified...
Introduction In many malaria-endemic countries, the private retail sector is a major source of antimalarial drugs. However, rarity malaria diagnostic testing in leads to overuse first-line class drugs known as artemisinin-combination therapies (ACTs). The goal this study was identify combination rapid test (RDT) and ACT subsidies that maximises proportion clients seeking care outlet choose purchase an RDT (RDT uptake) use ACTs appropriately. Methods 842 12 select outlets western Kenya were...
<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background:</h3> Across the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) and Central America, governments commonly employ community health workers (CHWs) to improve access uptake of malaria services. Many these networks are vertical in design, organized extend malaria-only services those remaining communities which persists. <h3>Methods:</h3> Between 2019 2020, national ministries (MOH) Clinton Health Access Initiative conducted mixed-methods CHW program evaluations across GMS...
Abstract Background A large proportion of artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) anti-malarial medicines is consumed by individuals that do not have malaria. The over-consumption ACTs largely driven retail sales in high malaria-endemic countries to clients who received a confirmatory diagnosis. This study aims target ACT receiving diagnosis using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) at outlets Kenya and Nigeria. Methods comprises two linked four-arm 2 × factorial cluster randomized...
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) largely account for the scale-up of malaria diagnosis in endemic settings. However, diversity labelling including instructions use (IFU) limits their interchangeability and user-friendliness. Uniform, easy to follow consistent labelling, aligned with international standards appropriate level end user’s education training, is crucial but a consolidated resource information regarding best practices IFU RDT devices, packaging accessories not available. The Roll...
Abstract Background Appropriate clinical management of severe malaria is critical to avert morbidity and death. Recommended treatment consists an injectable antimalarial followed by a full course oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Children who cannot access prompt parenteral should be administered single dose rectal artesunate (RAS) promptly referred appropriate facility for further care. This study aimed assess compliance with the recommendation in children under 5 years...
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Abstract Background To prevent child deaths from severe malaria, early parenteral treatment is essential. Yet, in remote rural areas, higher-level facilities offering antimalarials are often difficult to access. A randomised controlled trial found pre-referral rectal artesunate (RAS) reduce death and disability children who delay arriving at a referral facility. This study examined the effectiveness of RAS established community-based health care systems. Methods An observational accompanied...
The World Health Organization recommends confirmatory diagnosis by microscopy or malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in patients with suspected malaria. In recent years, mobile medical applications (MMAs), which can interpret RDT results have entered the market. To evaluate performance of commercially available MMAs, an evaluation was conducted comparing read MMAs to human eye.Five different were evaluated on six products using cultured Plasmodium falciparum blood samples at five dilutions...
Abstract Background Children who receive pre-referral rectal artesunate (RAS) require urgent referral to a health facility where appropriate treatment for severe malaria can be provided. However, the rapid improvement of child’s condition after RAS administration may influence caregiver’s decision follow this recommendation. Currently, evidence on effect completion is limited. In study, we investigated relationship between implementation and completion. Methods Findings An observational...
Abstract Background Rectal artesunate (RAS), an efficacious pre-referral treatment for severe malaria in children, was deployed at scale Uganda, Nigeria and DR Congo. In addition to distributing RAS, implementation required additional investments crucial but neglected components the care malaria. We examined real-world costs barriers RAS implementation. Methods collected primary data on baseline health system gaps subsequent expenditures. calculated equivalent annual cost of per child under...
Malaria remains a major health priority in Nigeria. Among children with fever who seek care, less than quarter gets tested for malaria, leading to inappropriate use of the recommended treatment malaria; Artemether Combination Therapies (ACT). Here we test an innovative strategy target ACT subsidies clients seeking care Nigeria's private retail sector have confirmed malaria diagnosis. We supported point-of-care testing (mRDTs) 48 Private Medicine Retailers (PMRs) city Lagos, Nigeria and...