Summary Cyclic nucleotides represent second messenger molecules in all kingdoms of life. In bacteria, mass sequencing genomes detected the highly abundant protein domains GGDEF and EAL. We show here that EAL are involved turnover cyclic‐di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP) vivo whereby domain stimulates c‐di‐GMP production degradation. Thus, most probably, function as cyclase phosphdiesterase. further that, pathogenic organism Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa...

Production of cellulose has been thought to be restricted a few bacterial species such as the model organism Acetobacter xylinus . We show by enzymatic analysis and mass spectrometry that, besides thin aggregative fimbriae, second component extracellular matrix multicellular morphotype (rdar) Salmonella typhimurium Escherichia coli is cellulose. The bcsA , bcsB bcsZ bcsC genes responsible for biosynthesis are not regulated AgfD, positive transcriptional regulator rdar morphotype....

ABSTRACT Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter and Klebsiella spp. isolated from the human gut were investigated for biosynthesis of cellulose curli fimbriae ( csg ). While produced with various temperature-regulatory programs, did not show pronounced expression those extracellular matrix components. Investigation multicellular behavior in two species sakazakii showed an matrix, cell clumping, pellicle formation, biofilm formation associated fimbriae. In three strains, csgD-csgBA region synthase...

Summary Virulence factor production and the development of biofilms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been shown to be regulated by two hierarchically organized quorum‐sensing systems activated types small acyl‐homoserine lactone signal molecules. Recently, a third type bacterial molecule, quinolone (PQS), has identified, which positively regulates subset genes dependent on systems. However, molecular mechanism underlying PQS signalling remained poorly understood. In this study global...

Summary Pathogenic bacteria have to cope with defence mechanisms mediated by adaptive and innate immunity of the host cells. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent one most effective components immune response. Here we establish function Lmo1695, a member VirR‐dependent virulence regulon, recently identified in Listeria monocytogenes . Lmo1695 encodes membrane protein 98 kDa strong homology multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF) Staphylococcus aureus Like staphylococcal MprF,...

Abstract: β‐Trace protein from pooled human CSF was purified to homogeneity. An apparent molecular mass of 23–29 kDa determined for the polypeptide on sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino‐terminal sequencing yielded unique amino acid sequence APEAQVSVQPNFQQDKFLGRWFSA 24 . Alignment sequences obtained tryptic peptides with previously deduced a cDNA clone isolated by other investigators allowed identification β‐trace as prostaglandin D synthase [prostaglandin‐H 2...

The NADH dehydrogenase complex (complex I) of the respiratory chain has unique features in plants. It is main entrance site for electrons into electron transfer chain, a role maintaining redox balance entire plant cell and additionally comprises enzymatic side activities essential other metabolic pathways. Here, we present proteomic investigation to elucidate its internal structure. Arabidopsis thaliana I was purified by gentle biochemical procedure that includes cytochrome c-mediated...

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is well-known as a producer of primary metabolites and extracellular proteins. For example, glucoamylase the most efficiently secreted protein niger, thus homologous (glaA) promoter well glaA signal sequence are widely used for heterologous production. Xylose known to strongly repress expression while maltose potent inducer controlled genes. more profound understanding A. physiology, comprehensive analysis intra- proteome AB1.13 growing on defined...

The proteome reflects the available cellular machinery to deal with nutrients and environmental challenges. most common E. coli strain BL21 growing in different, commonly employed media was evaluated using a detailed quantitative analysis.The presence of preformed biomass precursor molecules rich such as Luria Bertani supported rapid growth concomitant acetate formation apparently unbalanced abundances central metabolic pathway enzymes, e.g. high levels lower glycolytic enzymes well pyruvate...

The aim of this study was to gain further insight into the diversity Escherichia coli phagesfollowed by enhanced work on taxonomic issues in that field. Therefore, we present genomiccharacterization and classification 50 bacteriophages against E. isolated fromvarious sources, such as manure or sewage. All phages were examined for their host range a setof different strains, originating, e.g., from human diagnostic laboratories poultry farms.Transmission electron microscopy revealed...

In the search for endogenous cardiac glycosides, two different inhibitors of sodium pump have been isolated from bovine adrenals. Inhibitor A with a molecular mass 600 Da and UV maximum at 250 nm was purified 16 kg The pure substance (<1 ng) inhibited human red blood cells an affinity similar to that ouabain, yet it cross-reacted antibodies against bufadienolide proscillaridin but not cardenolide ouabain. slightly more hydrophilic than ouabain on RP-C18 high pressure liquid chromatography....

Insect cells, like other eucaryotic modify many of their proteins by N-glycosylation. However, the endogenous insect cell N-glycan processing machinery generally does not produce complex, terminally sialylated N-glycans such as those found in mammalian systems. This difference pathways cells and higher eucaryotes imposes a significant limitation on use hosts for baculovirus-mediated recombinant glycoprotein production. To address this problem, we previously isolated two transgenic lines that...

The native structures of the Asn-linked oligosaccharides and O-glycans at Ser126 human erythropoietin expressed from recombinant BHK cells have been elucidated. Enzymatically released N-glycans were studied by methylation analyses, fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry as well one- two-dimensional 1H-NMR 600 MHz. Many (82.7%) found to be tetraantennary N-acetyllactosamine-type (22.8% with one, 3.6% two 0.4% three N-acetyllactosamine repeats) being tetrasialylated (41%), trisialylated...

ABSTRACT Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease, which increasingly recognized as important public health problem in various tropical regions. This study describes identification and characterization a heat-stable extracellular toxin B. . After cultivation liquid media, heated cell-free supernatant was concentrated by ultrafiltration. The concentrate exhibited cytotoxic hemolytic activity showed remarkable resistance against alkaline acidic...

We have isolated β-trace protein from cerebrospinal fluid, serum, plasma, and urine samples of normal volunteers sera hemofiltrate patients with chronic renal failure. Blood-derived urinary significantly higher molecular weights than their fluid counterpart, the amino acid sequences being identical. Oligosaccharide structural analysis revealed these weight differences to be due different N-glycosylation. β-Trace has larger sugar chains concurrently sialylation fluid-β-trace which bears...

The opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesizes significant amounts of an additional phospholipid, identified as 2' alanyl-phosphatidylglycerol (A-PG), when exposed to acidic growth conditions. At pH 5.3 A-PG contributed up 6% the overall lipid content bacterium. Sequence analysis P. revealed open reading frame PA0920 showing 34% sequence identity a protein from Staphylococcus aureus involved in tRNA-dependent formation lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol. deletion mutant DeltaPA0920...

The transcriptional regulator CsgD of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a major biofilm formation required for the expression csgBA, which encodes curli fimbriae, and adrA, coding diguanylate cyclase. response with an N-terminal receiver domain conserved aspartate (D59) as putative target site phosphorylation C-terminal LuxR-like helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif, but mechanisms gene activation remained unclear. To study DNA-binding properties we used...

ABSTRACT The role of intercellular communication in the regulation bacterial multicellular behavior has received widespread attention, and a variety signal molecules involved have been discovered. In addition to N -acyl-homoserine lactones, 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs), including Pseudomonas quinolone signal, shown function as aeruginosa . this study we unraveled biosynthetic pathway HAQs using feeding experiments with isotope-labeled precursors analysis extracted by gas...

Protein kinases constitute a large superfamily of enzymes with key regulatory functions in nearly all signal transmission processes eukaryotic cells. However, due to their relatively low abundance compared the vast majority cellular proteins, currently available proteomics techniques do not permit comprehensive biochemical characterization protein kinases. To address these limitations, we have developed prefractionation strategy that uses combination immobilized molecular weight inhibitors...