Anthocyanins, present in various vegetables and fruits as a nature colorant, have broad activities including anticarcinogenesis antimutagenesis, which are generally attributed to their antioxidant activities. However, limited studies been available concerning the inhibitory effect of peonidin 3-glucoside (P3G) for cancer metastasis. Here, we demonstrated that P3G could significantly inhibit invasion (P < 0.001), motility 0.05), secretion matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9,...

Aims: Studies have reported that redox signaling in the hypothalamus participates nutrient sensing. The current study aimed to determine if activation of reactive oxygen species-related enzymes (ROS-RE) regulating neuropeptide Y (NPY)-mediated eating. Moreover, possible roles proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) were also investigated. Rats treated daily with phenylpropanolamine (PPA) for 4 days. Changes expression levels ROS-RE, POMC, NPY, aPKC assessed compared....

Background and Purpose Appetite suppression induced by amphetamine has been attributed to its inhibition of neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) neurons activation pro‐opiomelanocortin POMC in the hypothalamus. This study examined whether STAT 3 was involved these actions amphetamine. Experimental Approach Rats were given daily for 4 days. Changes expression , melanocortin MC receptors, PI K hypothalamus assessed RT‐PCR Western blotting. Antisense oligonucleotides STAT3 also used. Key Results Expression...

Although amphetamine (AMPH)-induced appetite suppression has been attributed to its inhibitory action on neuropeptide Y (NPY), an neurotransmitter abundant in the brain, molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not well known. This study examined possible role of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding (CREB) signaling anorectic effect, results showed that both PKA CREB mRNA levels hypothalamus were increased following AMPH treatment, which was relevant a reduction...

Hypothalamic neuropeptides, including neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC), have been found to control the appetite-suppressing effect of amphetamine (AMPH). In this study, we examined whether dopamine receptor (DAR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) are involved in AMPH's action. We administered AMPH rats once a day for 4 days assessed compared changes hypothalamic NPY, melanocortin (MC4R), PI3K, pAkt NF-κB expression. that inhibition DAR...

Risk factors for prostate cancer (PCa) include age, hormones, race, family history and diet. Recently, epidemiologic evidence has indicated that of diabetes mellitus (DM) is inversely associated with risk PCa. However, epidemiological investigations have yielded inconsistent results. Hence, the exact mechanism DM-induced reduction in incidence PCa yet to be fully elucidated. The aim this study was investigate effects DM factors, including glucose, insulin insulin-like growth factor-1...

It has been reported that neuropeptide Y (NPY) contributes to the behavioral response of amphetamine (AMPH), a psychostimulant. The present study examined whether protein kinase C (PKC)-λ signaling was involved in this action. Moreover, possible roles glutathione peroxidase (GP) and melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) were also examined. Rats given AMPH daily for days. Hypothalamic NPY, PKCλ, GP MC4R determined compared. Pretreatment with α-methyl-para-tyrosine could block AMPH-induced anorexia,...

1. Dopamine is an appetite suppressant, while neuropeptide Y (NPY), stimulant in the brain, reported to be involved anorectic action induced by a combined administration of D1/D2 agonists normal rats. In diabetic rats, however, these factors have not been studied. 2. Rats (including normal, and insulin-treated rats) were given daily injections saline or for 6 days. Changes food intake hypothalamic NPY content rats assessed compared. 3. The agonist-induced responses altered compared treated...

Abstract Background Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and two immediate early genes, c-fos c-jun , have been found to be involved in regulating the appetite-suppressing effect of amphetamine (AMPH). The present study investigated whether cerebral catecholamine (CA) might regulate NPY POMC expression Y1 receptor (Y1R) participated activator protein-1 (AP-1)–mediated feeding. Methods Rats were given AMPH daily for 4 days. Changes NPY, Y1R, c-Fos, c-Jun, AP-1 assessed compared. Results...

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is an appetite suppressant. Repeated treatment with PPA can decrease food intake on initial days, but subsequent gradually returns to normal (tolerant effect). In attempt investigate the underlying mechanisms of tolerance, authors examined roles catecholamine (CAT) and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) genome. Results revealed that pretreatment either bupropion, a CAT transporter inhibitor, or a-methylparatyrosine, tyrosine hydroxylase modulated effect tolerance....

Abstract The appetite‐suppressing effect of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) has been attributed to its inhibitory action on neuropeptide Y (NPY), an appetite stimulant. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this are not clear. This study aimed investigate if cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling was involved. Moreover, possible role superoxide dismutase‐2 (SOD‐2) during PPA treatment also examined. Rats were daily treated with for 4 days. Changes in hypothalamic NPY, kinase A,...