A5088096162- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Magnetism in coordination complexes
- Organic and Molecular Conductors Research
- Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
- Ion Channels and Receptors
- Connexins and lens biology
- Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
- X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
- Crystallization and Solubility Studies
- Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- GDF15 and Related Biomarkers
- Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis
- Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- RNA regulation and disease
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
University of Rochester Medical Center
2010-2024
University of Rochester
2012-2024
Eastman Chemical Company (United States)
2017-2019
Nihon University
2015-2016
Neurological Surgery
2015
Takano Hospital
2015
University of Copenhagen
2015
Nagoya University
2015
Nagano Red Cross Hospital
2013
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
2012
Taking Out the Trash The purpose of sleep remains mysterious. Using state-of-the-art in vivo two-photon imaging to directly compare two arousal states same mouse, Xie et al. (p. 373 ; see Perspective by Herculano-Houzel ) found that metabolic waste products neural activity were cleared out sleeping brain at a faster rate than during awake state. This finding suggests mechanistic explanation for how serves restorative function, addition its well-described effects on memory consolidation.
Defining the microanatomic differences between human brain and that of other mammals is key to understanding its unique computational power. Although much effort has been devoted comparative studies neurons, astrocytes have received far less attention. We report here protoplasmic in neocortex are 2.6-fold larger diameter extend 10-fold more GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)-positive primary processes than their rodent counterparts. In cortical slices prepared from acutely resected...
Advances in fluorescent calcium indicating dyes over the past decade have identified signaling as tool by which astrocytes communicate among themselves and with neighboring neurons. Studies of astrocyte-neuron interactions shown that is a potent modulator strength both excitatory inhibitory synapses. The concept possess mechanism for rapid cell communication has not been incorporated, however, into supportive functions astrocytes. Because many classical tasks are linked to blood-brain...
Protoplasmic astrocytes are critically important to energy metabolism in the CNS. Our current understanding of metabolic interactions between neurons and glia is based on studies using cultured cells, from which mainly inferential conclusions have been drawn as relative roles brain metabolism. In this study, we used functional genomics establish compartmentalization neuronal astrocytic pathways adult brain. To end, fluorescence-activated cell sorting was directly isolate protoplasmic cortex...
Traumatic spinal cord injury is characterized by an immediate, irreversible loss of tissue at the lesion site, as well a secondary expansion damage over time. Although should, in principle, be preventable, no effective treatment options currently exist for patients with acute (SCI). Excessive release ATP traumatized tissue, followed activation high-affinity P2X7 receptors, has previously been implicated injury, but clinically relevant strategy which to antagonize receptors yet, best our...
Metabolically, the brain is a highly active organ that relies almost exclusively on glucose as its energy source. According to astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis, taken up by astrocytes and converted lactate, which then oxidized neurons. Here we show, using two-photon imaging of near-infrared 2-deoxyglucose analogue (2DG-IR), preferentially neurons in awake behaving mice. Anaesthesia suppressed neuronal 2DG-IR uptake sensory stimulation was associated with sharp increase...
Microglia are integral functional elements of the central nervous system, but contribution these cells to structural integrity neurovascular unit has not hitherto been assessed. We show here that following blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, P2RY12 (purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12)-mediated chemotaxis microglia processes is required for rapid closure BBB. Mice treated with inhibitor clopidogrel, as well those in which was genetically ablated, exhibited significantly...
Gliosis is a pathological hallmark of posttraumatic epileptic foci, but little known about these reactive astrocytes beyond their high glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. Using diolistic labeling, we show that cortical lost nonoverlapping domain organization in three mouse models epilepsy: injury, genetic susceptibility, and systemic kainate exposure. Neighboring mice showed 10-fold increase overlap processes. Concurrently, spine density was increased on dendrites excitatory...
Astrocytes modulate synaptic activity by changing the local concentration of extracellular K + .
Adenosine is a potent anticonvulsant acting on excitatory synapses through A1 receptors. Cellular release of ATP, and its subsequent extracellular enzymatic degradation to adenosine, could provide powerful mechanism for astrocytes control the activity neural networks during high-intensity activity. Despite adenosine's importance, cellular source adenosine remains unclear. We report here that multiple enzymes degrade ATP in brain tissue, whereas only Nt5e degrades AMP adenosine. However,...
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major carrier of cholesterol and essential for synaptic plasticity. In brain, it's expressed by many cells but highly the choroid plexus predominant apolipoprotein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The role apoE CSF unclear. Recently, glymphatic system was described as clearance whereby ISF (interstitial fluid) exchanged via peri-arterial space convective flow mediated aquaporin 4 (AQP4), water channel. We reasoned that this also serves to distribute molecules into...
Calcium signaling, manifested as intercellular waves of rising cytosolic calcium, is, in many cell types, the result calcium-induced secretion ATP and activation purinergic receptors. The mechanism by which is released has hitherto not been established. Here, we show real-time bioluminescence imaging that efflux uniform across a field cells but restricted to brief, abrupt point-source bursts. bursts emanate from single manifest transient opening nonselective membrane channels, admits...
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a primary influx route for water during brain edema formation. Here, we provide evidence that swelling triggers Ca 2+ signaling in astrocytes and deletion of the Aqp4 gene markedly interferes with these events. Using vivo two-photon imaging, show hypoosmotic stress (20% reduction osmolarity) initiates astrocytic spikes reduces signals. The signals are partly dependent on activation P2 purinergic receptors, which was judged from effects appropriate antagonists applied to...
A hallmark of astrocytic tumors is their infiltrative nature. Although aggressive and typically widespread dispersal in the adult brain differs fundamentally from that other tumors, little known about cellular basis. Astrocytic express gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43), we show here Cx43 expression induced morphological transformation glioma cells into an epithelial phenotype. In a short-term aggregation assay, was associated with several-fold increase competence to aggregate....