Background: The human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 2F5 and 2G12 were identified to be two of the most potent neutralizing against HIV-1. In a first study they have been shown safe after repeated intravenous infusions asymptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals. However, antiviral effects antibody treatment not fully analyzed in this clinical trial. Methods: aim present was gain preliminary insight into humans. For purpose, plasma samples obtained from previous phase I studied for RNA copy...

To study the safety, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics of human monoclonal antibody (hMAb) 4E10 alone in combination with hMAbs 2F5 2G12 HIV-1-infected persons.Eight healthy volunteers > or =350 CD4 cells/mm3 < =100 000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL were enrolled, seven finished study. A single infusion was administered on day 0, followed by three doses hMAb 4E10/2F5/2G12 days 7, 14 21 (total amount 8.5 g). Safety assessed physical examination, blood chemistry, complete cell count recording adverse...

Friend virus (FV) and lactate dehydrogenase-elevating (LDV) are endemic mouse viruses that can cause long-term chronic infections in mice. We found numerous mouse-passaged FV isolates also contained LDV coinfection with delayed FV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses during acute infection. While did not alter the type of pathology induced by FV, which was severe splenomegaly caused erythroproliferation, immunosuppression mediated increased both severity duration Compared to mice infected alone,...

To study interactions of airborne pathogens, e.g. Aspergillus (A.) fumigatus with upper and lower respiratory tract epithelial immune cells, we set up a perfused 3D human bronchial small airway cell system. Culturing normal or (NHBE, SAE) cells under air liquid interphase (ALI) perfusion resulted in significantly accelerated development the lung epithelia associated higher ciliogenesis, cilia movement, mucus-production improved barrier function compared to growth static conditions. Following...

Abstract Already at initial phases of infection, HIV is coated with complement fragments. During the chronic phase, when HIV-specific IgGs appear, virus circulates immune complexed IgG and complement. Thus, we studied interaction dendritic cells (DCs) DC-T cell cocultures (C)-opsonized C-IgG-opsonized HIV. infection monocyte-derived DCs circulating BDCA-1-positive was significantly reduced upon presence virus-specific but non-neutralizing IgGs. exposed to C-Ig-HIV or IgG-opsonized showed an...

HIV directly activates the complement cascade and is, therefore, opsonized with C3-cleavage products in vivo. This cloud of C3 fragments on viral surface may impair interaction envelope glycoproteins gp120/gp41 C-type lectins expressed immature dendritic cells (iDC). Therefore, we determined accessibility gp120 after opsonization compared DC non-opsonized or complement-opsonized HIV. The recognition native was drastically impaired when virus covered by complement. Independent opsonization,...

Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) is a natural infectious agent of mice. Like several other viruses, LDV causes widespread and very rapid but transient activation both B cells T in lymphoid tissues the blood. The mechanism this has not been fully described focus current studies.

Abstract Our study demonstrates that binding of complement-opsonized HIV to complement receptor type 1 on human erythrocytes (E) via C3b fragments is followed by a rapid normal serum-mediated detachment from E. The release was dependent the presence factor I indicating conversion iC3b and C3d viral surface. This in turn resulted an efficient opsonized CR2-expressing B cells, thus facilitating cell-mediated transmission T cells. These data provide new dynamic view opsonization HIV, suggesting...

To evaluate the contribution of complement-mediated lysis to in vivo activities neutralizing antibodies, we analyzed influence complement activation on treatment success a recent passive immunization trial with monoclonal antibodies 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10. Administration led an immediate, high system even absence viremia 14 participating human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Lysis activity measured patient plasma increased during immunization; however, increases were modest only...

Murine norovirus (MNV) is a highly infectious but generally nonpathogenic agent that commonly found in research mouse colonies both North America and Europe. In the present study, effects of acute chronic infections with MNV on immune responses recovery from concurrent Friend virus (FV) were investigated. No significant differences T-cell or NK-cell responses, FV-neutralizing antibody long-term FV infection observed. We conclude had no major impacts infections.

Over the last 2 decades, platelets have been recognized as versatile players of innate immunity. The interaction with fungal pathogens and subsequent processes may critically influence clinical outcome invasive mycoses. Since role in &lt;i&gt;Candida&lt;/i&gt; infections is poorly characterized controversially discussed, we studied interactions human yeast cells, (pseudo-)hyphae, biofilms secretory products pathogenic species applying platelet rich plasma a whole blood model. Incubation...

The rising number of primary joint replacements worldwide causes an increase revision surgery endoprostheses due bacterial infection. Revision using non-cemented implants seems beneficial for the long-term outcome and use antibiotic-impregnated bone grafts might control infection give a good support implant. In this study we evaluated release antibiotics from fresh-frozen lyophilized allogeneic grafts. Lyophilized chips fresh frozen were mixed with gentamicin sulphate, palmitate, vancomycin,...

Many orthopedic surgeons consider surgical irrigation and debridement with prosthesis retention as a treatment option for postoperative infections. Usually, saline solution no added antimicrobial agent is used irrigation. We investigated the activity of N-chlorotaurine (NCT) against various biofilm-forming bacteria in vitro thereby gained significant information on its usability soluble well-tolerated active chlorine compound surgery. Biofilms Staphylococcus aureus were grown metal alloy...

We determined the content of amide I, III, PO4, CO3, and CH2 in samples fresh bone, bone frozen at -80°C thawed once, after two freeze-thaw cycles, chemically cleaned chips. A total 750 Raman spectra were collected per sample group derived quantitative values compared statistically by one-way ANOVA.We found significant differences between investigated groups differing their treatment already one cycle as well multiple and/or chemical cleaning. Chemical cleaning decreased all measured...

During the budding process, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquires several cellular proteins from host. Thus, antibodies against self antigens found in sera patients with autoimmune disorders may cross react host-derived or HIV-specific gp120 and gp41 on viral envelope probably neutralize HIV infection. To verify this hypothesis, 88 negative suffering systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) other were analysed for reacting HIV-1 by Western blot FACS analysis indicating that cross-react...

Dendritic cells (DC) represent the most potent antigen presenting and induce efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against viral infections. Targeting antigens (Ag) to receptors on DCs is a promising strategy enhance antitumor antiviral immune induced by DCs. Here, we investigated potential of CD11c-specific single-chain fragments (scFv) fused an immunodominant peptide Friend retrovirus for induction virus-specific cell In vitro scFv selectively targeted thereby significantly...

The immune system is tasked with defending against a myriad of microbial infections, and its response to given infectious microbe may be strongly influenced by coinfection another microbe. It was shown that infection mice lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) impairs early adaptive responses Friend (FV) coinfection. To investigate the mechanism this impairment, we examined LDV-induced innate found LDV-specific induction IFN-α IFN-γ. had little effect on FV or responses, but...

B cells are one of the targets Friend virus (FV) infection, a well-established mouse model often used to study retroviral infections in vivo. Although may be effective stimulating cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, studies involving their role FV infection have mainly focused on neutralizing antibody production. Here we show that polyclonal activation promotes with both vitro and Furthermore, demonstrate complement opsonization murine leukemia (F-MuLV) enhances cells, which correlates...

It remains unclear whether monocyte infiltration plays a protective or detrimental role in neurodegenerative disease. The present study characterizes the inflammatory status of primary monocytes novel vitro perfusion model. Monocytes under do not undergo elevated cell death. However, does lead to altered morphology, which can be counteracted by anti-inflammatory drugs. Functional studies indicate that cytokine levels are significantly reduced compared stationary conditions and enhanced with...

In a PVC tube as model system for dental devices, Pseudomonas aeruginosa outcompetes Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae the biofilm formation. P. has advantage over other strains due to higher tolerance low-nutrient situations or direct killing by production of soluble factors like pyocyanin.

We want to address the clinical issue of too sparse supply allograft in total hip replacement and ambitions controlling grain size distribution. Bioglass BAG-S53P4 was evaluated as a bone graft additive chemically treated allografts with controlled Allografts were cleaned (CG) mixed (BG) for comparison. All samples compacted dropped weight apparatus then underwent uniaxial compression test. The yield limit determined by test density recorded while flowability calculated. There no difference...

We have recently shown that ‘alloimmune sera’ derived from polytransfused patients (PTP sera) are able to recognise and neutralise HIV in vitro. In this study we try identify the protein(s), which recognised by PTP sera elucidate mechanisms responsible for neutralising capacity of these sera. The allowed immunoprecipitation (IP) HLA class II molecules on HIV-infected cells. To detect a potential cross-reactivity alloreactive antibodies (Ab) with envelope protein gp160 or its subunits...