In nature, swarming behavior has evolved repeatedly among motile organisms because it confers a variety of beneficial emergent properties. These include improved information gathering, protection from predators, and resource utilization. Some organisms, e.g., locusts, switch between solitary swarm in response to external stimuli. Aspects have been demonstrated for supramolecular systems composed biomolecular motors cytoskeletal filaments, where cross-linkers induce large scale organization....

Cooperation is a strategy that has been adopted by groups of organisms to execute complex tasks more efficiently than single entities. increases the robustness and flexibility working permits sharing workload among individuals. However, utilization this in artificial systems at molecular level, which could enable substantial advances microrobotics nanotechnology, remains highly challenging. Here, we demonstrate transportation through cooperative action large number machines, photoresponsive...

To develop an augmented reality (AR) neuronavigation system with Web cameras and examine its clinical utility.The utility of the was evaluated in three patients brain tumors. One patient had a glioblastoma two convexity meningiomas. Our navigation comprised open-source software 3D Slicer (Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA), infrared optical tracking sensor Polaris (Northern Digital Inc., Waterloo, Canada), cameras. We prepared different types cameras: handheld type...

Collective motion is a fascinating example of coordinated behavior self-propelled objects, which often associated with the formation large scale patterns. Nowadays, in vitro gliding assay being considered model system to experimentally investigate various aspects group and pattern by objects. In assay, cytoskeletal filaments F-actin or microtubules are driven surface immobilized biomolecular motors myosin dynein respectively. Although F-actin/myosin microtubule/dynein was found be promising...

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in engineering dynamic and autonomous systems with robotic functionalities using biomolecules. Specifically, the ability of molecular motors to convert chemical energy mechanical forces programmability DNA are regarded as promising components for these systems. However, current rely on manual addition external stimuli, limiting potential Here, we show that DNA-based cascade reactions can act controller drives assembly disassembly...

Over the last few decades, in vitro motility assay has been performed to probe biophysical and chemo-mechanical properties as well self-organization process of biomolecular motor systems such actin-myosin microtubule-kinesin. However, aggression reactive oxygen species (ROS) concomitant termination activity motors during investigation remains a drawback this assay. Despite enzymatic protection that makes use combination glucose, glucose oxidase, catalase, active lifetime is found be only...

Abstract Studying mechanical deformation at the surface of soft materials has been challenging due to difficulty in separating from bulk elasticity materials. Here, we introduce a new approach for studying material by utilizing large number self-propelled microprobes driven motor proteins on material. Information about is obtained through changes mobility wandering across The active respond and readily change their velocity direction depending extent mode deformation. This highly parallel...

Abstract We have demonstrated compression stress induced mechanical deformation of microtubules (MTs) on a two-dimensional elastic medium and investigated the role strain, strain rate MT-associated protein in MTs. show that MTs, supported substrate by kinesin, undergo buckling when they are subjected to stress. Compression strongly affects extent buckling, although has no substantial effect Most importantly, density kinesin is found play key determining mode made comparison between our...

Properly patterned deposition of cell wall polymers is prerequisite for the morphogenesis plant cells. A cortical microtubule array guides two-dimensional pattern deposition. Yet, mechanism underlying three-dimensional patterning poorly understood. In metaxylem vessels, arches are formed over numerous pit membranes, forming highly organized structures. Here, we show that microtubule-associated proteins, MAP70-5 and MAP70-1, regulate arch development. The map70-1 map70-5 plants oblique in an...

The microtubule (MT) is the stiffest cytoskeletal filamentous protein that takes part in a wide range of cellular activities where its mechanical property plays crucially significant role. How single biological entity multiple roles cell has been mystery for long time. Over recent years, it known modulation MT by different agents key to performing manifold vivo MT. Studying thus prerequisite understanding how such diversified roles. However, anisotropic structure an impediment obtaining...

Recently we demonstrated swarming of a self-propelled biomolecular motor system microtubule (MT)-kinesin where interactions among thousands motile MTs were regulated in highly programmable fashion by using DNA as processor. However, precise control this potential is yet to be achieved optimize the swarm behavior. In work, systematically controlled on kinesin adhered surface different physicochemical parameters MT-kinesin and DNA. Tuning length sequences was precisely with thermodynamic...

The purpose of this research was to investigate the usefulness three-dimensional (3D) endoscopy compared with two-dimensional (2D) in neuroendoscopic surgeries a comparative study and test clinical applications.Forty-three examinees were divided into three groups according their endoscopic experience: novice, beginner, or expert. Examinees performed separate tasks using 3D 2D endoscopy. A recently developed high-definition (HD) neuroendoscope, 4.7 mm diameter (Shinko Optical Co., Ltd.,...

The microtubule (MT)-kinesin biomolecular motor system has attracted considerable attention due to its possible applications in artificial biomachines. Recently, an active self-organization (AcSO) method been established integrate MT filaments into highly organized assembled structures. ring-shaped assembly, one of the structures derived from AcSO MTs, can convert translational motion MTs rotational motion. Due this attractive feature, assembly appears be a promising candidate for developing...

We investigated the role of concentration microtubules and depletion force in emergence collective motion driven by kinesins. Critical concentrations were found for both depletant to demonstrate microtubules. More importantly, kinetics be significantly dependent on depletant. Substantial variations time course observed response changes This study provides new insights into kinesins, which might also useful understanding coordinated behavior other self-propelled systems.

We have been developing the Network Incident analysis Center for Tactical Emergency Response (nicter), whose present focus is on detecting and identifying propagating malwares such as worms, viruses, bots. The nicter presently monitors darknet, a set of unused IP addresses, to observe macroscopic trends network threats. Meantime, it keeps capturing analyzing malware executables in wild their microscopic analysis. Finally, these results are correlated order identify root cause detected This...

Biopolymers such as actin, microtubules and DNA are well known for their fascinating in vivo self-organization phenomena. Considerable efforts have been devoted to mimicking organization process vitro that produced ring-shaped or toroid structures an irreversible manner. However, understanding the factors lead formation of assembled deserves more investigation achieve a unified insight into assembly process, particularly microtubules. Here, we report active (MTs) at air–buffer interface...

Microtubules are dynamic polymers that used for intracellular transport and chromosome segregation during cell division. Their instability stems from the low energy of tubulin dimer interactions, which sets growing polymer close to its disassembly conditions. function in coordination with kinesin dynein molecular motors, use ATP hydrolysis produce mechanical work move on microtubules. This raises possibility forces produced by walking motors can break interactions trigger microtubule...

The microtubule (MT)–kinesin system is a promising candidate for constructing artificial biomachines. active self-organisation (AcSO) method has been developed to integrate MT filaments into highly organised assembled structures. creation of ring-shaped assemblies one the outcomes organisation process and holds prospects use in future nano-technological applications. However, making practical applications requires further control size these assemblies, which not yet addressed. In this work,...

In vitro gliding assay of microtubules (MTs) on kinesins has provided us with valuable biophysical and chemo-mechanical insights this biomolecular motor system. Visualization MTs in an been mainly dependent optical microscopes, limited resolution which often render them insufficient sources desired information. work, using high speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM), allows imaging higher resolution, we monitored protofilaments (PFs) tubulins while kinesins. Moreover, under the HS-AFM, also...