A5085282020- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Sex work and related issues
- Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology
- Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Harvard University
2009-2019
Cancer Research And Biostatistics
2004-2019
Fundación Juan March
2016
Johns Hopkins University
2015-2016
May Institute
2016
University of Cincinnati
2016
Emory University
2016
Atlanta VA Medical Center
2016
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2002-2016
Rush University Medical Center
2016
Background Most HIV-1-infected patients on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below the detection limits of commercial assays have residual viremia measurable by more sensitive methods. We assessed whether adding raltegravir lowered level in such patients. Methods and Findings Patients receiving ART who had 50 copies/mL but detectable single copy assay (SCA) were randomized to add either or placebo their regimen for 12 weeks; then crossed-over other an...
Initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in higher total CD4 cell counts, a surrogate for immune reconstitution. Whether the baseline count affects reconstitution subsets has not been well characterized.
To assess the effect of baseline- and treatment-related factors on immunologic recovery after initiation antiretroviral therapy (ART).Nine hundred eighty antiretroviral-naive HIV-1+ subjects were randomized to start stavudine/didanosine or zidovudine/lamivudine with nelfinavir, efavirenz, both nelfinavir efavirenz.Greater CD4 cell was associated age 40 years younger, female sex, higher baseline naive/memory ratio, virus load (VL), virologic suppression (VS). Most who maintained an...
Background: Antiretroviral therapy initiation for HIV-1 infection is associated with 2% to 6% loss of bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: To evaluate the effect vitamin D3 plus calcium supplementation on antiretroviral initiation. Design: 48-week prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01403051) Setting: 39 AIDS Clinical Trials Group units. Patients: Adults therapy–naive HIV. Measurements: BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry,...
To our knowledge, the antiviral activity of pegylated interferon alfa-2a has not been studied in participants with untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection but without chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection.Untreated HIV-1-infected volunteers HCV received 180 microg weekly for 12 weeks. Changes plasma HIV-1 RNA load, CD4(+) T cell counts, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic measurements 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) activity, and induction levels...
Background: Controversy continues regarding the extent of ongoing viral replication in HIV-1–infected patients on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Adding an additional potent agent, such as raltegravir, to ART with low-level residual viremia may reveal whether there is HIV-1 replication. Methods: We previously reported outcome a randomized placebo-controlled study raltegravir intensification RNA <50 copies per milliliter that showed no effect measured by single copy assay. now report...
Background. Clinical studies have shown faster disease progression and stronger immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1–infected females when compared with males for the same level of HIV-1 replication. Here we determine whether elevated levels HIV-1–induced interferon-alpha (IFN-α) production observed are associated higher interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression T cells, hence suggesting type-I IFN as a mechanism HIV-1–associated observed.
Background. Rifaximin, a nonabsorbable antibiotic that decreases lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cirrhotics, may decrease the elevated levels of microbial translocation, T-cell activation and inflammation human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive immune nonresponders to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods. HIV-positive adults receiving ART for ≥96 weeks with undetectable viremia ≥48 CD4+ counts <350 cells/mm3 were randomized 2:1 rifaximin versus no study treatment 4 weeks. activation, LPS,...
Background An effective therapeutic vaccine that could augment immune control of HIV-1 replication may abrogate or delay the need for antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5187 was a phase I/II, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial to evaluate safety and immunogenicity an DNA (VRC-HVDNA 009-00-VP) in subjects treated with therapy during acute/early infection. (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00125099) Methods Twenty healthy infected who were infection had RNA<50...
BackgroundThe dynamics of CD4+ T cell reconstitution and changes in immune activation inflammation HIV-1 disease following initiation antiretroviral therapy (ART) are incompletely defined their underlying mechanisms poorly understood. MethodsThirty-nine treatment-naïve patients were treated with raltegravir, tenofovir DF emtricitabine. Immunologic inflammatory indices examined persons sustained virologic control during 48 weeks therapy. ResultsInitiation ART increased numbers decreased cycle...
Background. There is a need to prevent or minimize bone loss associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation. We compared maraviroc (MVC)- tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)–containing ART. Methods. This was double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ART-naive subjects human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA load (viral [VL]) >1000 copies/mL and R5 tropism were randomized MVC 150 mg TDF 300 once daily (1:1), stratified by VL <100 000 ≥100 age <30 ≥30 years. All received darunavir 800...
To ascertain whether CD4+ lymphocyte increases induced by interleukin (IL)–2 enhanced in vivo immune responses, 38 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients who had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or HAART and IL-2 for at least 60 weeks were immunized with tetanus toxoid, inactivated glycoprotein 120–depleted HIV-1, hepatitis A B vaccines. Despite dramatic counts, did not enhance immunization responses
Abstract Background Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have pleotropic anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects in addition to glucoregulation. We evaluated inflammation markers suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin. Methods Virologically adults HIV without diabetes on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) ≥100/μL CD4 cells were randomized 16 weeks of sitagliptin 100 mg/day vs placebo a multicenter trial. The...
Objectives Interleukin (IL)-12 is a cytokine that stimulates T lymphocytes and natural killer cells to generate Type 1 T-helper lymphocyte immune response. The primary objective of this study was determine the safety immunologic activity repeated recombinant human IL-12 (rhIL-12) dosing in HIV-infected patients over broad range HIV disease spectrum. Design A randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase trial design chosen control for effects alone on measurements. Methods antiretroviral therapy...
Background HIV-1-infected individuals with plasma RNA<50 copies/ml on antiretroviral therapy (ART) may have residual, low-level viraemia detectable by PCR assays that are able to detect a single copy of viral RNA (single-copy assay [SCA]). The clinical predictors residual in patients long-term suppressive ART not yet fully understood. Methods We evaluated factors associated who underwent screening for raltegravir intensification trial (ACTG A5244). screened population was adults receiving...
Objective. Nevirapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 and CYP3A4. We characterized relationships between clinical parameters, human genetics, pharmacokinetics, immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance mutations in pregnant women following single-dose intrapartum nevirapine. Methods. In AIDS Clinical Trials Group study A5207, received nevirapine at onset of labor were randomly assigned to receive lamivudine/zidovudine, emtricitabine/tenofovir, or lopinavir/ritonavir...
Objective: The objective was to determine whether maraviroc (MVC) has unique neurocognitive benefits in the context of initial antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 48-week trial. Setting: Participants were enrolled US AIDS Clinical Trials Group clinical trial sites. Participants: Total 262 ART-naive, chemokine coreceptor 5 tropic HIV, and HIV RNA greater than 1000 copies/ml participants randomized, 230 completed study. Intervention: received MVC...
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) of HIV disease is associated with effective virologic control, immune reconstitution, and clinical improvements. This study addresses the potential for improvements in lymphocyte phenotype responses HIV-infected persons extensive experience dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTI) treatment advanced after a change to potent (NRTI + protease inhibitor). The majority participants achieved success. There was median rise CD4+ lymphocytes 99...
Patient awareness of their HIV status is a major component prevention strategies. The failure to return for screening results appears be consistent problem in many sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics. This study reviews the proportion patients Sydney Sexual Health Centre (SSHC) who returned and compares characteristics risk behaviours with those did not re-attend. Between 1995 2004, 79.7% 8715 within one month. Return was associated being male, men have sex (MSM), more than five...
To evaluate the association between baseline (BL) replication capacity (RC) (RCBL) and immunologic/virologic parameters (at BL after 48 weeks on therapy) in HIV-1-infected subjects initiating antiretroviral therapy.
Studies exploring the immunologic effects of maraviroc (MVC) have produced mixed results; hence, it remains unclear whether MVC has unique in comparison with other antiretroviral drugs. We sought to determine differential compared tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) during initial therapy.
Introduction: HIV-infected individuals have evidence of intestinal microbial translocation which is associated with immune activation and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable antibiotic reduces in other disease states, was shown to marginal beneficial effect on translocation, T-cell activation, inflammation multisite randomized trial (ACTG A5286; NCT01466595) persons poor immunologic recovery receiving ART. Here, we report analysis the rectal microbiome changes that...