A5049142665- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Agriculture and Biological Studies
- Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Microbial Inactivation Methods
- Horticultural and Viticultural Research
- Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Plant Disease Management Techniques
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Food composition and properties
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Berry genetics and cultivation research
- Garlic and Onion Studies
Czech Agrifood Research Center
2014-2024
Fusarium species, particularly graminearum and F. culmorum, are the main cause of trichothecene type B contamination in cereals. Data on distribution genotypes cereals Europe scattered time space. Furthermore, a common core set related variables (sampling method, host cultivar, previous crop, etc.) that would allow more effective analysis factors influencing spatial temporal population distribution, is lacking. Consequently, based available data, it difficult to identify chemotype spread at...
Abstract Fusarium species are one of the most studied fungal pathogens cereals. They cause head blight or stem base diseases that risky not only in terms yield losses but also due to mycotoxins production. Several strategies used prevent colonisation plants, including fungicide treatment. However, according EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, use fungicides needs be reduced, and therefore, alternative seed treatments should sought. One possible method is a pulsed electric field (PEF) could...
This study investigated the distribution and characteristics of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) species BYDV‐PAS, which was recently separated from BYDV‐PAV, most commonly studied BYDV species. Throughout 3 years experimental monitoring incidence, PAS frequently occurring infecting cereals grasses in Czech Republic. Furthermore, Rhopalosiphum maidis Metopolophium dirhodum were recorded as BYDV‐PAS vectors, even though M. does not usually transmit BYDV‐PAV. In field experiments with barley...
Abstract A real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the specific detection of Fusarium culmorum in infected seeds. Primers and TaqMan minor groove binder probe were derived from sequences a F. PCR product. The specificity confirmed by test seven species 21 non‐ fungal species. With serial dilutions purified genomic DNA isolate B as template, limit found to be 0.9 pg per reaction. significant correlation ( = 0.982) collinearity between concentration Ct (cycle...
The aim of this review is to summarize recent information on Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small grain cereals, especially wheat and barley. Basic FHB epidemiology, types resistance plant mechanisms included. Standard methods for the evaluation individual extent infection are briefly described. Special attention paid sources different origin possibility their exploitation cereal breeding. Unfortunately, a high level was detected non-adapted germplasm or distant relatives, which serious...
Non-invasive determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) still presents a challenging problem. Therefore, the present study was aimed at rapid DON in whole wheat grain by means FT-NIR spectroscopy, with wide range concentrations for potential applications breeding programs and common systems quality management using partial least square calibration (PLS) discriminant analysis technique (DA). Using set artificially infected samples known content DON, four PLS models different concentration were...
Breeding wheat with blue grain was conducted at the Crop Research Institute in Prague. Initial donor material came from legacy of Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg. Long-term crosses a series winter varieties were made aim transferring colour into cultivated varieties. The prospective later handed over to Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, where line no. 6 selected population RU 440. At end 2011, new variety Skorpion registered Austria. It is intended for special use food industry. anthocyanins...
A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) incidence in cereal crops the Czech Republic over 4 years showed, on average, 13.3% BYDV-positive, randomly tested wheat and barley samples. The cultivated cultivars had different levels susceptibility to BYDV infection. Field trials were performed with breeding lines cultivars, resistance traits evaluated after artificial inculcation by viruliferous aphid vector Rhopalosiphum padi L. BYDV-PAV. Our results showed high variability visual symptom...
The increasing contamination of cereals by micromycetes and mycotoxins during malting still poses an unresolved food safety problem. This study characterises the potential novel, rapidly developing production technology Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) to reduce viability Fusarium fungi malting. Barley, artificially inoculated with four species, was treated PEF two different intensities then malted using a standard Pilsner-type technology. Concentrations were quantified RT-PCR, expression fungal...
The review focuses on recent progress in the breeding of small grain cereals (barley, wheat, oats) for resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). First, symptomatology (BYD) disease is briefly described and genome BYDV, its serotypes mechanisms replication translation host plants are characterized. Great attention paid description genes sources BYDV that currently used some programmes barley, wheat oats. In introduction Ryd2 gene into high-yielding cultivars still desirable. An example...
Random collections of ears winter wheat cultivars grown within the Czech Republic were made during 2004-2013. The assessed for Fusarium head blight symptoms on a 0-9 scale and grain samples analysed deoxynivalenol (DON) content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples from 2011-2013 in greater detail, including to detect species using polymerase chain reaction assays determine mycotoxin (including ‘emerging’ mycotoxins) ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem...
This article provides a summary of current knowledge about wheat metabolites that may affect resistance against Fusarium head blight (FHB). The mechanisms resistance, the roles secondary in defense, and future directions for breeding are assessed. soluble phenols play an important role redox regulation plant tissues can act as antimicrobial compounds. color cereal hulls grains is caused by such natural pigments anthocyanins aleurone, endosperm, pericarp layers grain. Phenolic acids,...
Resistance of 35 winter wheat varieties to the accumulation mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grain was evaluated field trials lasting three years (2004, 2005, 2006) after artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. Data on DON ZEA content were supplemented by symptom scores determination % damaged grains reductions thousand weight per spike due infection. The conditions experimental highly influenced performance all characters. highest production occurred 2006 at a...
Reactions to artificial infection with Fusarium graminearum isolates and a new fungicide Swing Top were studied in nine winter wheat cultivars evaluated field experiments at two sites for three years expression of symptoms, deoxynivalenol (DON) content grain yield. The results demonstrate pronounced relatively stable effect cultivar resistance on reducing head blight, yield losses contamination by the mycotoxin DON. It is advantageous that moderate level blight (FHB) was detected also...
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease causing substantial yield and quality losses in barley. Genetic variation deoxynivalenol (DON) content important traits response to FHB were studied 44 spring barley cultivars for two years following artificial inoculation with culmorum under field conditions. The analysis of variance revealed that the largest effect on DON simultaneously reduction thousand grain weight per spike due environmental conditions year, while visual symptoms depended...
Achievements and prospects of wheat breeding for disease resistance in the world Czech Republic are reviewed. Attention is paid to rusts, powdery mildew, leaf blotch, glume tan spot, fusarium head blight, common dwarf bunt, eyespot, barley yellow virus on virus. Genes rusts mildew cultivars registered listed. Promising genes sources above mentioned diseases Prospects including application methods molecular genetics development synthetic hexaploids outlined.
Reactions to artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum and (metconazole- or tebuconazole-based) fungicides were studied in nine winter wheat cultivars that evaluated field experiments at the location Prague-Ruzyne for four years (2001-2004) deoxynivalenol (DON) content grain, pathogen DNA (Ct) by real-time quantitative PCR, percentage of damaged grains (FDG), symptom scores reductions grain yield components. All examined traits highly affected conditions experimental interactions...