Bacteria have devised sophisticated His-Asp phosphorelay signaling systems for eliciting a variety of adaptive responses to their environment, which are generally referred as the “two-component regulatory system.” The widespread occurrence in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes implies that it is powerful device wide cells environment. two-component signal transducers contain one or more three common characteristic phosphotransfer domains, named “transmitter, receiver, histidine-containing (HPt)...

In the higher plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, results from recent intensive studies suggested that His-to-Asp phosphorelay mechanisms are involved presumably in propagation of environmental stimuli, such as phytohormones (e.g. ethylene and cytokinin). Here we identified characterized a set novel genes whose products considerably resemble authentic response regulators (ARR-series) sense they have phospho-accepting receiver-like domain. However, should be discriminated classical ones strict lack...

His-Asp phosphorelays are evolutionary-conserved powerful biological tactics for intracellular signal transduction. Such a phosphorelay is generally made up of "sensor histidine (His)-kinases", "response regulators", and "histidine-containing (HPt) phosphotransmitters". In the higher plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, results from recent intensive studies suggested that may be widely used propagating environmental stimuli, such as phytohormones (e.g., ethylene cytokinin). this study, we first...

The p38 and JNK classes of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have evolutionarily conserved roles in the control cellular responses to microbial abiotic stresses. mechanisms by which crosstalk between distinct c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK pathways occurs with resultant integration signaling information been difficult establish, particularly context whole organism physiology. In Caenorhabditis elegans a PMK-1 pathway is required for resistance bacterial infection, KGB-1 JNK-like...

Clb1 and Clb2 are functionally redundant B-type cyclins, the clb1Δ clb2Δ double mutant is lethal. In normal mitotic growth, plays central role in G2-M progression. We previously demonstrated that RNA-binding protein Puf5 positively regulates CLB1 expression by downregulating of repressor Ixr1. The decreased puf5Δ mutation caused a severe growth defect mutant. On contrary, CLB2 was unchanged between wild-type strain unsynchronized cultures, did not show retardation. Therefore, we assumed main...

Escherichia coli contains a major cold shock protein, CspA (or CS7.4), whose production is predominantly induced at low temperatures. This bacterium known to possess five additional genes, each encoding protein highly similar (referred as the family). Here we identified gene that encodes cold-shock-inducible analog of and CspB. newly cloned cspG located 22 min on E. genetic map, apart from other cspA family genes. Its product (70 amino acids) 73 77% identical CspB (71 acids), respectively....

Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the lumen endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress. Snf1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog AMP–activated protein kinase (AMPK), plays a crucial role response to various environmental stresses. However, Snf1 stress remains poorly understood. In this study, we characterize as negative regulator Hog1 MAPK response. The snf1 mutant cells showed resistant phenotype. contrast, Snf1-hyperactivated were sensitive Activated levels increased by mutation,...

Myosin phosphatase negatively regulates nonmuscle myosin II through dephosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (MRLC). Its myosin-binding subunit, MBS, is responsible for regulating catalytic subunit in response to upstream signals and determining substrate specificity. DMBS, Drosophila homolog was identified study roles morphogenesis. The embryos defective both maternal zygotic DMBS demonstrated a failure dorsal closure. In mutant embryos, defects were mainly confined leading edge...

MAP kinases are integral to the mechanisms by which cells respond a wide variety of environmental stresses. In Caenorhabditis elegans, KGB-1 JNK signaling pathway regulates response heavy metal stress. this study, we identified FOS-1, bZIP transcription factor, as target KGB-1-mediated phosphorylation. We further two transcriptional targets pathway, kreg-1 and kreg-2/lys-3, required for defense against FOS-1 plays critical role in repression gene recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) its...

Ten cases of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome have been followed for 3-19 years (mean, 11 and four months). Criteria were restricted to the following: complete absence hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) in hemolysate fibroblast, spasticity, choreoathetosis, mental retardation, self-mutilation, occurrence males. Two patients died pneumonia two suddenly. However, autopsies produced no positive findings. Hyperuricemia has controlled by benzbromarone nine patients. One patient did not...

The GLHs (germline RNA helicases) are constitutive components of the germline-specific P granules in nematode Caenorhabditis elegansand essential for fertility, yet how GLH proteins regulated remains unknown. KGB-1 and CSN-5 both binding partners, previously identified by two-hybrid interactions. is a MAP kinase Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) subfamily, whereas subunit COP9 signalosome. Intriguingly, although loss either or results sterility,their phenotypes strikingly different. Whereas csn-5...

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are integral to the mechanisms by which cells respond physiological stimuli and a wide variety of environmental stresses. In Caenorhabditis elegans, stress response is controlled c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-like mitogen-activated (MAPK) signaling pathway, regulated MLK-1 MAPK (MAPKKK), MEK-1 (MAPKK), KGB-1 JNK-like MAPK. this study, we identify shc-1 gene, encodes C. elegans homolog Shc, as factor that specifically interacts with MEK-1. The...

Abstract The binding isotherms of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with cationic detergents, decyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide have been determined at temperatures 8 25 °C for pH 6.8. also 3.0 °C. effect KBr on the to BSA has examined results obtained are as follows. (a) average number detergent cations bound, \barv, increased increase in length hydrocarbon chain, (b) standard free energy changes −ΔG°, calculated from intrinsic...

Autophagy is a fundamental process responsible for degradation and recycling of intracellular contents. In the budding yeast, non-selective macroautophagy microautophagy endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are caused by ER stress, circumstance where aberrant proteins accumulate in ER. The more recent study showed that protein aggregation initiates ER-selective macroautophagy, referred to as ER-phagy; however, mechanisms which stress induces ER-phagy have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show...

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA-binding protein Khd1/Hek2 associates with hundreds of potential mRNA targets preferentially, including the mRNAs encoding proteins localized to cell wall and plasma membrane. We have previously revealed that Khd1 positively regulates expression MTL1 a membrane sensor in integrity (CWI) pathway. However, khd1Δ mutation has no detectable phenotype on synthesis. Here we show causes severe lysis when combined deletion CCR4 gene cytoplasmic deadenylase. identified...

Apical constriction is critical for epithelial morphogenesis, including neural tube formation.Vertebrate apical induced by di-phosphorylated myosin light chain (ppMLC)-driven contraction of actomyosin-based circumferential rings (CRs), also known as perijunctional actomyosin rings, around junctional complexes (AJCs), mainly consisting tight junctions (TJs) and adherens (AJs).Here, we revealed a ppMLC-triggered system at TJ-associated CRs vertebrate involving microtubules, LUZP1,...

Selective autophagy requires the receptor specifically localizing to target for degradation. In budding yeast, Atg39 and Atg40 function as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-selective autophagy, referred ER-phagy. The expression level of ATG39 gene is increased in response ER stress nitrogen starvation. Under unstressed conditions, transcription repressed by Mig1/2 repressors. activates Snf1 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which negatively regulates consequently derepresses transcription....

The paracellular barrier function of tight junctions (TJs) in epithelial cell sheets is robustly maintained against mechanical fluctuations, by molecular mechanisms that are poorly understood. Vinculin an adaptor a mechanosensory complex at the adherens junction. Here, we generated vinculin KO Eph4 cells and analyzed their confluent cell-sheet properties. We found dispensable for basic TJ structural integrity larger solutes. However, indispensable ions. In addition, TJs stochastically showed...

Ccr4, a component of the Ccr4-Not cytoplasmic deadenylase complex, is known to be required for cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, it not fully understood how Ccr4 and other components complex regulate CWI pathway. Previously, we showed that functions together with Khd1 RNA binding protein. modulate signal from Rho1 small GTPase by regulating expression ROM2 mRNA LRG1 mRNA, encoding guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) GTPase-activating...