In 2008, the genome assembly and gene models for domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, were published by a Japanese Chinese collaboration group. However, contains non-negligible number of misassembled gap regions due to presence many repetitive sequences within silkworm genome. The erroneous occasionally causes incorrect prediction. Here we performed hybrid based on 140 × deep sequencing long (PacBio) short (Illumina) reads. remaining gaps in initial closed using BAC Fosmid sequences, giving new...

In insects, antimicrobial humoral immunity is governed by two distinct gene cascades, IMD pathway mainly targeting Gram-negative bacteria and Toll preferentially Gram-positive bacteria, which are widely conserved among diverse metazoans. However, recent genomic studies uncovered that exceptionally absent in some hemipteran lineages like aphids assassin bugs. How the apparently incomplete immune pathways have evolved with functionality of interest. Here we report discovery that, stinkbug...

Using Tribolium castaneum, we quantitatively investigated the induction of nine antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes by live gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae), gram-positive (Micrococcus luteus Bacillus subtilis) budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Then, five representative AMP were selected, involvement Toll IMD pathways in their E. coli, M. S. cerevisiae was examined utilizing RNA interference either MyD88 or IMD. Results indicated: Robust acute three...

Herein, we performed RNA-seq analysis of ten major tissues/subparts silkworm larvae. The sequences were mapped onto the reference genome assembly and transcriptome data successfully constructed. provided a nearly complete sequence for sericin-1, silk gene with complex structure. We also markedly improved model other genes. transcriptomic expression was investigated in each tissue number transcripts identified that exclusively expressed tissues such as testis. Transcripts strongly midgut...

The mandibles of coleopteran insects are typical examples external morphological asymmetry in animals. developmental molecular mechanisms underlying the remain to be elucidated compared those internal asymmetric organ. In tenebrionid beetle, Zophobas atratus , inner teeth adult asymmetric, while pupal nearly symmetric. morphogenesis is assumed caused by left-right regulatory differences formation, but even involved per se remains unknown. this study, we investigated morphogenetic process...

Quercetin is a common plant flavonoid which involved in herbivore–plant interactions. Mulberry silkworms (domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori , and wild mandarina ) take up quercetin from mulberry leaves accumulate the metabolites cocoon, thereby improving its protective properties. Here we identified glycoside hydrolase, named hydrolase family 1 group G 5 (GH1G5), expressed midgut metabolism domestic silkworm. Our results suggest that this enzyme mediates uptake by deglycosylating three primary...

Abstract KAIKObase was established in 2009 as the genome database of domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori. It provides several gene sets and genetic maps well annotation obtained from sequencing project International Silkworm Genome Consortium 2008. has been used widely for insect studies even though there are some erroneous predicted genes due to misassembly gaps genome. In 2019, we released a new assembly, showing improvements gap closure covering more longer models. Therefore, is need...

To explore the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying caste-specific behavior and its evolution from primitive to advanced eusocial bees, monoamine levels expression of genes involved in production signaling brain were compared between castes Bombus ignitus. Higher dopamine related substances found brains newly emerged queens than workers. The degree caste differences B. ignitus was smaller that reported Apis mellifera, indicating a link different social stages two species. There no...

Development of a reliable method for RNA interference (RNAi) by orally-delivered double-stranded (dsRNA) is potentially promising crop protection. Considering that RNAi efficiency considerably varies among different insect species, it important to seek the practical conditions under which dsRNA-mediated effectively works against each pest insect. Here we investigated in brown-winged green stinkbug Plautia stali , notorious infesting various fruits and plants. Microinjection dsRNA into P ....

The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important lepidopteran model insect and industrial domestic animal traditionally used for silk production. Here, we report the genome assembly of improved Japanese strain Nichi01, in which cocoon yield comparable to that commercial strains. integration PacBio Sequel II long-read ddRAD-seq-based high-density genetic linkage map achieved highest quality silkworms date; 22 28 pseudomolecules contained telomeric repeats at both ends, only four gaps were present...

Abstract The smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes honmai , has developed strong resistance to tebufenozide, a diacylhydrazine-type (DAH) insecticide. Here, we investigated its mechanism by identifying genes responsible for the tebufenozide using various next generation sequencing techniques. First, double-digest restriction site-associated DNA (ddRAD-seq) identified two candidate loci. Then, synteny analyses A. draft genome sequences revealed that one locus contained ecdysone receptor gene ( EcR...

Abstract Multicopper oxidase (MCO) genes comprise multigene families in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Two of MCO genes, MCO1 (laccase1) MCO2 (laccase2), are conserved among diverse insects relatively well-characterized, whereas additional whose biological functions have been poorly understood, also found some insects. Previous studies reported that participates gut immunity plays important roles cuticle sclerotization pigmentation In mosquitoes, was to be involved eggshell...

Insects rely only on their innate immune system to protect themselves from pathogens. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production is the main reaction in insects. In Drosophila melanogaster, regulated mainly by Toll and deficiency (IMD) pathways. Spaetzle proteins, activated signals upstream components, bind thus, activating pathway, which turn, induces AMP genes. Previous studies have shown difference systems related IMD pathways between D. melanogaster Tribolium castaneum. T. castaneum, nine...

tors that uphold the AMP production response as one of hallmarks insect immunity.Extracellular pathogen recognition leads to activation two signaling pathways in Drosophila, Toll and IMD (Valanne et al., 2011;Kleino & Silverman, 2014).The pathway is mainly activated by either Lys-type peptidoglycan associated with most Grampositive bacteria or fungal β-1,3 glucan, these pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) circulation executed protein SA (PGRP-SA) Gram-negative binding 3,...

A number of variations in the pulmonary arteries and veins have been documented, information is very important for performing a safe lung resection. This report describes case an anomalous segmental vein left upper lobe lung. The patient was 75-year old male who suspected to cancer lobe. contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed vessel behind lower bronchus. three-dimensional angiography demonstrated that it apicoposterior segment lung, draining into inferior vein. aberrant readily...

We herein report the cases of 3 patients with thymic epithelial tumours, including two thymomas and a carcinoma, where tumours spontaneously regressed in size. The were all female ranging age from 32 to 43 years. During 1 or 2 months without any treatment, by 25–59% pleural effusion observed also disappeared during same period. Pathological examinations revealed areas necrosis cystic changes within thymomas. Among existence this rare disease entity must be recognized.

Bombyx mori is an important economic insect and animal model in pharmacomedical research. Although its physiology has been studied for many years, the mechanism via which silk protein genes are regulated remains unclear. In this study, we performed two-step expression screening, namely co-expression network time-course analyses to screen regulation factors. A analysis using RNA-seq data that were obtained from various tissues, including glands of B. mori, was identify novel regulatory...

Transposable elements (TEs) are grouped into several families with diverse sequences. Owing to their diversity, studies involving the detection, classification, and annotation of TEs difficult tasks. Moreover, simple comparisons among different species methods can lead misinterpretations. The genome data honey bee (Apis) available in public databases. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis TEs, using 11 sets for Apis species, order establish "landscape TEs". Consensus TE sequences were...

The Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is valuable in biological research and agriculture. Its genome sequence was published before those for other insect species. RNA-Seq data A. mellifera have been applied several recently studies. Nevertheless, these not prepared use subsequent meta-analyses. To promote transcriptome analysis, we constructed reference using the curated from about 1,000 runs of public databases. new construct comprised 149,685 transcripts, 194,174 protein sequences were...

Abstract In holometabolous insects, proper control of the production juvenile hormone (JH), which maintains larval traits, is crucial for successful metamorphosis. JH produced specifically in corpora allata (CA) via functioning a set biosynthetic enzymes (JHBEs). Expression JHBE genes CA coordinated except acid methyltransferase (JHAMT), functions last step biosynthesis. Here, we sought to determine mechanism that enables this expression, assuming presence central regulator genes. Comparison...

Abstract Adult females of the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes jokahamae can change caste in response to photoperiod length. Short-day store more lipids but have less developed ovaries for hibernation (becoming gynes), whereas long-day fewer lipid stores under queenless conditions egg-laying workers). To explore physiological mechanisms underlying photoperiod-related determination, analyses gene expression levels brains short- or were performed. Results suggest that short-day may exhibit...