Genome engineering using programmable nucleases enables homologous recombination (HR)-mediated gene knock-in. However, the labour used to construct targeting vectors containing homology arms and difficulties in inducing HR some cell type organisms represent technical hurdles for application of HR-mediated knock-in technology. Here, we introduce an alternative strategy transcription activator-like effector (TALENs) clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats...

Abstract Global ecological damage has heightened the demand for silk as ‘a structural material made from sustainable resources’. Scientists have earnestly searched stronger and tougher silks. Bagworm might be a promising candidate considering its superior capacity to dangle heavy weight, summed up by weights of larva house. However, detailed mechanical studies on bagworm silks been lacking. Herein, we show potential produced Japan’s largest bagworm, Eumeta variegata . This is extraordinarily...

Most aphids show reproductive polyphenism, i.e. they alternate their modes from parthenogenesis to sexual reproduction in response short photoperiods. Although juvenile hormone (JH) has been considered a likely candidate for regulating the transition asexual after photoperiod sensing, there are few studies investigating direct relationship between JH titres and reproductive-mode change. In addition, sequencing of pea aphid genome allowed identification genes involved pathway, which turn...

Herein, we performed RNA-seq analysis of ten major tissues/subparts silkworm larvae. The sequences were mapped onto the reference genome assembly and transcriptome data successfully constructed. provided a nearly complete sequence for sericin-1, silk gene with complex structure. We also markedly improved model other genes. transcriptomic expression was investigated in each tissue number transcripts identified that exclusively expressed tissues such as testis. Transcripts strongly midgut...

The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a lepidopteran model insect that has been utilized for basic research and industrial applications. In this species, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) have found to function efficiently, we previously developed TALEN-mediated genome editing system knockout knock-in experiments using plasmids single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) as donors. By contrast, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats...

Adsorption of gold nanoparticles (NPs) on a hydrophobic fullerene bilayer vesicle ca. 30 nm in diameter occurs through cooperation vesicle/NP and NP/NP interactions to produce NP-vesicle hybrid whose surface is uniformly covered with the NPs separated from each other by few nm. The coverage makes unusually stable withstand high temperature, chromatographic purification, salt concentration—conditions too harsh for ordinary self-assembled vesicles, such as lipid survive. serves platform...

Quercetin is a common plant flavonoid which involved in herbivore–plant interactions. Mulberry silkworms (domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori , and wild mandarina ) take up quercetin from mulberry leaves accumulate the metabolites cocoon, thereby improving its protective properties. Here we identified glycoside hydrolase, named hydrolase family 1 group G 5 (GH1G5), expressed midgut metabolism domestic silkworm. Our results suggest that this enzyme mediates uptake by deglycosylating three primary...

Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolases (JHEHs) degrade juvenile hormones (JHs) and are important for JH titre regulation. Here, we report the cloning analysis of five jheh-related (jheh-r1-r5) genes in red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, a model species coleopteran insects. T. castaneum JHEH-r (TcJHEH-r) proteins show high homology to lepidopteran JHEHs also human microsomal hydrolase. In phylogenetic tree, Tcjheh-rs were clustered, interestingly, they clustered genome. Examination enzymatic...

Carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs) have pivotal roles in dietary detoxification, pheromone or hormone degradation and neurodevelopment. The recent completion of genome projects various insect species has led to the identification multiple CCEs with unknown functions. Here, we analyzed phylogeny, expression genomic distribution 69 putative silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).A phylogenetic tree B. other lepidopteran was constructed. pattern each CCE also investigated by a search an...

The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important lepidopteran model insect and industrial domestic animal traditionally used for silk production. Here, we report the genome assembly of improved Japanese strain Nichi01, in which cocoon yield comparable to that commercial strains. integration PacBio Sequel II long-read ddRAD-seq-based high-density genetic linkage map achieved highest quality silkworms date; 22 28 pseudomolecules contained telomeric repeats at both ends, only four gaps were present...

Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolases (JHEHs) are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze juvenile hormones (JHs). They important in terms organ-specific regulation and irreversible degradation. In contrast to three JHEH genes (jheh) Drosophila melanogaster five jheh Tribolium castaneum, only one gene has been reported date lepidopteran insects. By searching genome database the silkworm, KAIKOBLAST, JHEH-related (jheh-r), addition Bmjheh, were found. Developmental changes mRNA expression brought...

The complete genome sequence data of insects in five orders are now available. In this commentary we provide recent genomic and phylogenetic analyses insect carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs). Multiple CCEs found each species, at present the silkworm Bombyx mori has largest number diversity CCEs. Phylogenetic 425 CCE sequences identified species or order specific clustering, but for some 1:1 orthologous relationships were apparent. will be useful further functional analysis development...

Juvenile hormone esterases (JHEs) are required for the degradation of juvenile hormones (JHs) in insects. Here, we report cloning and analysis jhe gene red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, a model insect Coleoptera. The Tcjhe was strongly expressed at final instar larva, as would be expected if it functioned to decrease JH titer this stage. A recombinant TcJHE protein efficiently degraded III, suggesting that enzyme functions vivo JH-specific enzyme. This is first describing developmental...

Abstract Transgenic techniques offer a valuable tool for determining gene functions. Although various promoters are available use in overexpression, knockdown, and identification of transgenic individuals, there is nevertheless lack versatile such studies, this dearth acts as bottleneck, especially with regard to nonmodel organisms. Here, we succeeded identifying novel strong ubiquitous promoter/enhancer the silkworm. We identified unique silkworm strain whose reporter showed expression...

Insects produce silk for a range of purposes. In the Lepidoptera, is utilized as material cocoon production and serves to protect larvae from adverse environmental conditions or predators. Species in Saturniidae family an especially wide variety cocoons, example, large, golden colored cocoons those with many small holes. Although gene expression gland domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) has been extensively studied, considerably fewer investigations have focused on members saturniid family....

Ras proteins play important roles in development especially for cell proliferation and differentiation various organisms. However, their functions the most insect species are still not clear. We identified three ras cDNAs from silk worm, Bombyx mori. These sequences corresponded to of Drosophila melanogaster, but mammalian (H-Ras, K-Ras, N-Ras). Subsequently, expression profiles were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR using whole body individuals embryonic adult stages, tissues 4th...

Hoxgenes play a pivotal role in the determination of anteroposterior axis specificity during bilaterian animal development. They do so by acting as master control and regulating expression genes important for Recently, however, we showed that can also function terminally differentiated tissue lepidopteranBombyx mori In this species,Antennapedia(Antp) regulates sericin-1, major silk protein gene, gland. Here, investigated whether Antpcan regulate multiple tissue. By means proteomic, RT-PCR,...

Previously, we found an unclassified glutathione S-transferase 2 (bmGSTu2) in the silkworm Bombyx mori that conjugates to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and also metabolises diazinon, organophosphate insecticide. Here, provide a structural genome-editing characterisation of diazinon-metabolising B. mori. The structure bmGSTu2 was determined at 1.68 Å by X-ray crystallography. Mutation putative amino acid residues substrate-binding site showed Pro13, Tyr107, Ile118, Phe119, Phe211 are crucial...