A5063641775- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Noise Effects and Management
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Global Health Care Issues
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Disaster Response and Management
- Environmental Policies and Emissions
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Human Health and Disease
- Transportation Planning and Optimization
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
University of Pittsburgh
2015-2024
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
2018-2021
Drexel University
2018-2021
University of South Florida
2018
Research Triangle Park Foundation
1997
Objective— We aimed to assess racial differences in air pollution exposures ambient fine particulate matter (particles with median aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm [PM 2.5 ]) and black carbon (BC) their association cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, arterial endothelial function, incident CVD events, all-cause mortality. Approach Results— Data from the HeartSCORE study (Heart Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation) were used estimate 1-year average exposure PM BC using land use...
Chronic exposure to air pollution may prime the immune system be reactive, increasing inflammatory responses stimulation and providing a pathway increased risk for diseases, including asthma cardiovascular disease. Although long-term ambient has been associated with circulating markers of inflammation, it is unknown whether also relates magnitude response.The aim this study was examine associations between chronic exposures stimulated levels mediators in cohort healthy adults.Circulating...
Abstract A large body of literature published in recent years suggests increased health risk due to exposure people air pollution close proximity roadways. As a result, there is need more accurately represent the spatial concentration gradients near roadways develop mitigation strategies. In this paper, we present practical, readily adaptable methodology, using "bottom-up" approach detailed highway vehicle emission inventory that includes emissions for individual road links. This methodology...
Land use regression (LUR) modeling has become a common method for predicting pollutant concentrations and assigning exposure estimates in epidemiological studies. However, few LUR models have been developed metal constituents of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) or incorporated source-specific dispersion covariates locations with major point sources. We hybrid AERMOD PM2.5, black carbon (BC), steel-related PM2.5 lead, manganese, iron, zinc, using fine-scale air pollution data from 37 sites...
The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) EROS (Earth Resources Observation System) Data Center's (EDC) 1-km classified land cover data are combined with other use using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to create the Biogenic Emissions Landcover Database (BELD). being used estimate biogenic emissions in contiguous United States. These include volatile organic compound (VOC) from vegetation and nitric oxide (NO) soils. EDC predominately western States, while sources, such as Department of...
<h3>Importance</h3> Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Specifically, fine particulate matter measuring 2.5 μm or less (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) thrombosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Few studies have examined stroke risk in individuals atrial fibrillation (AF). <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the association of residential-level exposure 1 year ischemic AF. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This cohort study included 31 414 AF from a large regional health care...
Health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) vary by chemical composition, and composition can help to identify key PM2.5 sources across urban areas. Further, this intra-urban spatial variation in concentrations may with meteorological conditions (e.g., mixing height). Accordingly, we hypothesized that sampling during atmospheric inversions would better localized source effects, reveal more distinct patterns constituents. We designed a 2-year monitoring campaign capture fine-scale...
Ambient air pollution, temperature, and social stressor exposures are linked with asthma risk, potential synergistic effects. We examined associations for acute pollution temperature exposures, modification by neighborhood violent crime socioeconomic deprivation, on morbidity among children aged 5–17 years year-round in New York City. Using conditional logistic regression a time-stratified, case-crossover design, we quantified percent excess risk of event per 10-unit increase daily,...
A growing literature explores intra-urban variation in pollution concentrations. Few studies, however, have examined spatial during "peak" hours of the day (e.g., rush hours, inversion conditions), which may strong bearing for source identification and epidemiological analyses. We aimed to capture across a region complex terrain, legacy industry, frequent atmospheric inversions. hypothesized stronger contrast concentrations prone inversions heavy traffic, designed 2-year monitoring campaign...
Childhood asthma morbidity has been associated with short-term air pollution exposure. To date, most investigations have used time-series models, and it is not well understood how exposure misclassification arising from unmeasured spatial variation may impact epidemiological effect estimates. Here, we develop case-crossover models integrating temporal individual-level information, toward reducing in estimating associations between child exacerbations New York City (NYC).Air data included:...
Although environmental epidemiology studies often rely on geocoding procedures in the process of assigning spatial exposure estimates, methods are not commonly reported, nor consequent errors assignment explored. Geocoding differ accuracy, however, and, given increasing refinement available models for air pollution and other exposures, error may account an increasingly larger proportion misclassification. We used residential addresses from a reasonably large, dense dataset asthma emergency...
Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are generally considered the highest standard of evidence in medical research, as randomised treatment allocation promotes homogeneity baseline characteristics between groups, maximising internal validity and reducing both bias confounding. RCTs, however, often enrol a convenience sample, can face challenges external if that sample does not represent full population at risk, or range co-exposures susceptibility factors likely to be encountered...
Capturing intra-urban variation in diesel-related pollution exposures remains a challenge, given its complex chemical mix, and relatively few well-characterized ambient-air tracers for the multiple diesel sources densely-populated urban areas. To capture fine-scale spatial resolution (50×50m grid cells) pollution, we used geographic information systems (GIS) to systematically allocate 36 sampling sites across downtown Pittsburgh, PA, USA (2.8km2), cross-stratifying disentangle source impacts...
Epidemiologic evidence consistently links urban air pollution exposures to health, even after adjustment for potential spatial confounding by socioeconomic position (SEP), given concerns that sources may be clustered in and around lower-SEP communities. SEP, however, is often measured with less temporal resolution than are (i.e., census-tract socio-demographics vs. fine-scale spatio-temporal models). Although many questions remain regarding the most appropriate, meaningful scales measurement...
Abstract Background The associations between community‐wide social determinants of health and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among individuals warrant investigation. Methods Among 2830 dementia‐free aged 65+ years in a community‐based US study, we examined cross‐sectional MCI (Clinical Dementia Rating = 0.5) with the following potential health: at census tract or block group level obtained from public sources: neighborhood disadvantage (Area Deprivation Index, ADI), air pollution fine...
Health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may vary by composition, and the characterization constituents help to identify key PM2.5 sources, such as diesel, distributed across an urban area. The composition diesel (DPM) is complicated, elemental organic carbon are often used surrogates. Examining multiple sites, however, better capture variation in diesel-related impacts, more clearly separate from other sources. We designed a “super-saturation” monitoring campaign 36 sites spatial...
Little is known about the impact of neighborhood context on family caregivers, or how environmental factors combine with individual-level caregiver risk to affect outcomes.To Geographic Information System (GIS) and survey methods examine effects residence in disadvantaged/underserved neighborhoods outcomes.Telephone surveys 758 caregivers from Pittsburgh Regional Caregiver Survey geocoded for classification into Environmental Justice Areas (EJAs) Medically Underserved (MUAs). We EJA/MUA care...
Background The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the relative influence community violent crime socioeconomic deprivation in modifying associations between ozone emergency department (ED) visits for asthma among children. Methods We used a spatiotemporal case-crossover analysis all New York City EDs months May–September from 2005 2011 statewide administrative ED dataset. data included 11 719 asthmatic children aged 5–18 years, main outcome measure percentage excess risk...
Despite advances in monitoring and modelling of intra-urban variation multiple pollutants, few studies have attempted to separate spatial patterns by time day, or incorporated organic tracers into studies. Due varying emissions sources from diesel gasoline vehicular traffic, as well within-day temporal source mix intensity (e.g., rush-hours vs. full-day measures), accurately assessing diesel-related air pollution within an urban core can be challenging. We allocated 24 sampling sites across...