Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have a major impact on the health of individuals populations. Accurate diagnosis inflammatory at an early stage, correct differentiation between (UC), is important for optimum treatment prognosis. We present here first characterization fecal extracts obtained from patients with CD UC by employing noninvasive metabonomics approach, which combines high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy multivariate...

To date, the majority of research into human gut microbiota has focused on bacterial fraction community. Inevitably, this resulted in a poor understanding diversity and functionality other intestinal microorganisms gut. One such nonbacterial member is microbial eukaryote Blastocystis, which been implicated aetiology range different extra-intestinal diseases. However, prevalence data from studies are conflicting, crucially, there limited information its incidence healthy individuals. Here, we...

ABSTRACT Gut microbiota shows host-specific diversity and temporal stability significantly contributes to maintenance of a healthy gut. However, in inflammatory bowel disease, this has been implicated as contributory factor the illness. This study compared bacterial dynamics Crohn's disease patients those control group using culture-independent method assess stability, relative diversity, similarity dominant fecal microbiota, Clostridium spp., Bacteroides Bifidobacterium lactic acid bacteria...

Summary A role for the intestinal microbiota is routinely cited as a potential aetiological factor in colorectal cancer initiation and progression. As majority of bacteria gut are refractory to culture we investigated this ecosystem subjects with adenomatous polyposis who at high risk developing cancer, using culture‐independent methods. Twenty 20 polypectomized volunteers were chosen analysis. An exploration diversity temporal stability dominant several bacterial subgroups was undertaken...

The incidence and diversity of human methanogens are insufficiently characterised in the gastrointestinal tract both health disease. A PCR clone library methodology targeting mcrA gene was adopted to facilitate two-fold aim surveying relative disease groups also provide an overview methanogen tract.DNA faecal extracts (207 total) from a group healthy controls five were investigated. Colorectal cancer, polypectomised, irritable bowel syndrome control had largely equivalent numbers individuals...

Studies of antagonistic coevolution between hosts and parasites typically focus on resistance infectivity traits. However, could also have genome-wide effects the due to pleiotropy, epistasis, or selection for evolvability. Here, we investigate these in bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 during approximately 400 generations evolution presence absence bacteriophage (coevolution treatments, respectively). Coevolution resulted variable phage resistance, lower competitive fitness phages,...

The human gut is host to a diverse range of fungal species, collectively referred as the "mycobiome". mycobiome emerging an area considerable research interest due potential roles these fungi in health and disease. However, there no consensus what best or most suitable methodologies available are with respect characterising mycobiome. aim this study provide comparative analysis several previously published mycobiome-specific culture-dependent -independent methodologies, including choice...

Understanding the genetic constraints on pathogen evolution will help to predict emergence of generalist pathogens that can infect a range different host genotypes. Here we show viral are more likely emerge during coevolution between bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and lytic phage SBW25Φ2 than when same is challenged adapt nonevolving population novel hosts. When phages were able hosts, resulting phenotypes had relatively narrow ranges compared with coevolved phages. Evolved (rather...

The production of hydrogen sulphide, an end product metabolism by the sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has been cited as a potential aetiological agent in gastrointestinal disease. Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) assays to enumerate desulfovibrios from two disease groups: colorectal cancer (CRC) n=27 and polypectomized individuals (PP) n=27, healthy control groups, elderly (H1) n=8 young adults (H2) n=30 was performed. Analysis Desulfovibrio sp. diversity using dissimilarity sulphite reductase...

Abstract Antagonistic coevolution between hosts and parasites is probably ubiquitous. However, very little known of the genetic changes associated with parasite infectivity evolution during adaptation to a coevolving host. We followed phenotypic in lytic virus population (bacteriophage; phage Φ2) that coevolved its bacterial host, Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25. First, we show rapid numerous unique phenotypes, both host range resistance individual increased over coevolutionary time. Second,...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is an opportunistic, bacterial pathogen causing persistent and frequently fatal infections of the lung in patients with cystic fibrosis. Isolates from chronic differ laboratory environmental strains a range traits this widely interpreted as result adaptation to environment. Typically, carry mutations global regulation factors that could effect reduced expression social traits, raising possibility competitive dynamics between cooperative selfish, cheating also drive...

The human gut is host to a diversity of microorganisms, including the single-celled microbial eukaryote Blastocystis. Research has shown that most carriers single Blastocystis subtype (ST), which unusual given considerable within-host species observed for other genera in this ecosystem. However, our limited knowledge both incidence and biological significance within hosts (i.e., so-called mixed infections) likely due problems with existing methodologies. Here, we developed applied...

Antagonistic coevolution between bacteria and phages (reciprocal selection for resistance infectivity) has been demonstrated in a wide range of natural ecosystems, as well experimental populations microbes, yet exploiting knowledge the prophylactic therapeutic use is under-explored. In this addendum to our recent paper we discuss how real-time studies using can provide novel insight into changes bacterial phenotypes that result from evolution against coevolving phages, may ultimately improve...

Recent genomic and metagenomic studies have highlighted the presence of rapidly evolving microbial populations in human gut. However, despite fundamental implications this intuitive finding for both basic applied gut microbiome research, very little is known about mode, tempo potential functional consequences evolution guts individual hosts over a lifetime. Here I assess relevance ecological opportunity to bacterial adaptation, colonization persistence neonate germ-free mammalian environment...

Parasite local adaptation, the greater performance of parasites on their compared with foreign hosts, has important consequences for maintenance diversity and epidemiology. While abiotic environment may significantly affect most studies to date have failed either incorporate effects environment, or separate them from those biotic environment. Here, we tease apart components adaptation using bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens its viral parasite bacteriophage Φ2. We coevolved replicate...