We have revealed that about one and a half thousand tiny clusters, filled with closely packed lymphocytes, can be found throughout the murine small large intestinal mucosa. They are located in crypt lamina propria (cryptopatches; CP) first detected at 14-17 d after birth. A fraction of lymphocytes CP expresses c-kit, IL-7R, Thy1 lymphocyte function-associated antigen, LFA-1, whereas most them remain CD3-, TCR alpha beta-, gamma delta-, sIgM-, B220-. The population size IL-2R alpha+, HSA+...

Background & Aims The circadian clock drives daily rhythms in behavior and physiology. A recent study suggests that intestinal permeability is also under control of the clock. However, precise mechanisms remain largely unknown. Because depends on tight junction (TJ) regulates epithelial paracellular pathway, this investigated whether expression levels TJ proteins intestine. Methods large epithelium colonic were analyzed every 4, 6, or 12 hours between wild-type mice with a mutation key gene...

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) recognizes environmental xenobiotics and is originally thought to be involved in the metabolism (detoxification) of substances. Recently, AhR highlighted as an important regulator inflammation. Notably, accumulating evidence suggests that activation suppresses inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Therefore, non‐toxic activators become attractive drug candidates for IBD. This study identified 1,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid (DHNA), a precursor menaquinone...

Increasing evidence suggests that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway has an important role in regulation of inflammatory responses. Most recently, we have shown activation AhR by a potent agonist inhibits development dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis, model human ulcerative induction prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) large intestine. Because several strains probiotic lactic acid bacteria been reported to inhibit DSS‐induced colitis unidentified mechanisms, hypothesized particular...

There are several reports suggesting that the pathophysiology of psoriasis may be associated with aberrant circadian rhythms. However, mechanistic link between and time-keeping system, "the clock," remains unclear. This study determined whether core gene, Clock, had a regulatory role in development psoriasis. For this purpose, we compared psoriasis-like skin inflammation induced by Toll-like receptor 7 ligand imiquimod (IMQ) wild-type mice loss-of-function mutation Clock. We also IMQ-induced...

Mesalamine is a first-line drug for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, its mechanisms are not fully understood. CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play potential role in suppressing IBD. This study determined whether the anti-inflammatory activity mesalamine related to Treg induction colon.We examined frequencies Tregs colons wild-type mice, mice deficient aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR-/- mice), and bone marrow-chimeric lacking AhR hematopoietic (BM-AhR-/-...

Abstract At steady state, plasma histamine levels exhibit circadian variations with nocturnal peaks, which is implicated in the nighttime exacerbation of allergic symptoms. However, regulatory mechanisms are largely unexplored. This study determined how steady-state regulated and affected by environmental factors. We found that decreased mast cell–deficient mice their were lost reconstituted bone marrow–derived cells (BMMCs) harboring a mutation gene Clock. Clock temporally regulates...

Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33)/ST2–mediated mast cell activation plays important roles in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. Hence, pharmacologically targeting IL-33/ST2 pathway cells could help to treat such We found that resveratrol inhibits IL-33/ST2–mediated activation. Resveratrol suppressed IL-33–induced IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-α production mouse bone marrow–derived (BMMCs), fetal skin–derived cells, human basophils. also attenuated cytokine expression induced by intranasal...

To cite this article: Kondo N, Suda Y, Nakao A, Oh‐Oka K, Suzuki Ishimaru Sato M, Tanaka T, Nagai Yamagata Z. Maternal psychosocial factors determining the concentrations of transforming growth factor‐beta in breast milk. Pediatr Allergy Immunology 2011: 22 : 853–861. Abstract Background: Cytokines milk may play crucial roles beneficial effects breastfeeding protecting against allergic and infectious diseases infants. In particular, milk‐borne (TGF‐β) has an important potential role...

Background Resveratrol is a bioactive polyphenol enriched in red wine that exhibits many beneficial health effects via multiple mechanisms. However, it unclear whether resveratrol for the prevention of food allergy. This study investigated inhibited development allergy by using mouse model disease. Methodology/Principal Findings Mice fed standard diet or plus were sensitized intragastric administration ovalbumin (OVA) and mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). Several manifestations then...

It remains poorly understood how symptoms in allergic rhinitis are most severe during overnight or early the morning. The circadian clock consisting of a network several 'clock genes' including Clock drives daily rhythms physiology. This study showed that allergen-induced surface CD203c expression on basophils seasonal caused by Japanese cedar pollen exhibited time-of-day-dependent variation associated with temporal variations canonical gene expression. We also found bone-marrow-derived (BM...

The KIT receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), control proliferation survival of mast cells. Thus, targeting signaling may show promise for the treatment allergic diseases involving Recently, we discovered a new compound, MOD000001, as potential small-molecule inhibitor by using an

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an alarmin cytokine that binds to the interleukin 1 receptor-like protein ST2. Clock a key circadian gene essential for endogenous clockworks in mammals. This study investigated whether temporally regulated IL-33-mediated responses mast cells. The kinetics of IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-α productions were compared between bone marrow-derived cells (BMMCs) from wild-type Clock-mutated mice (ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice). neutrophil influx into peritoneal cavity or expression IL-13...

Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction which rapid in onset and potentially fatal, caused by excessive release of mediators including histamine cytokines/chemokines from mast cells basophils upon allergen/IgE stimulation. Increased prevalence anaphylaxis industrialized countries requires urgent needs for better understanding anaphylaxis. However, the pathophysiology disease not fully understood. Here we report that circadian clock may be an important regulator In mammals, central...

The cell-autonomous circadian clock regulates IgE- and IL-33-mediated mast cell activation, both of which are key events in the development allergic diseases. Accordingly, modifiers could be used to treat diseases, as well many other circadian-related such sleep metabolic disorders. nuclear receptors REV-ERB-α -β (REV-ERBs) crucial components clockwork. Efforts pharmacologically target REV-ERBs using putatively specific synthetic agonists, particularly SR9009, have yielded beneficial effects...

Background: Dietary probiotics supplementation in lactating mothers may help prevent allergic disease infants. However, owing to a lack of consistency nutritional and safety outcomes associated with probiotics, this topic remains controversial. Methods: In open-label pilot trial conducted between April 2013 December 2013, we evaluated the probiotic 5 × 109 CFU Lactobacillus casei LC5, Bifidobacterium longum BG7, 2 108 Bacillus coagulans SANK70258 women who exhibited allergies for months (1-3...

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a safe and effective treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR). However, many issues regarding SLIT remain to be resolved, including the optimal timing of administration. This study investigated effect time day on efficacy with goal optimizing therapeutic outcome.We performed prophylactic at different times (10 a.m. or 10 p.m.) in 2 mouse models AR: an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR model Cry j 1-induced model, compared effects.In OVA-induced mice sublingually...

Abstract Venomous snakebites can induce local tissue damage, including necrosis of soft tissues, haemorrhage, blistering and swelling associated with plasma extravasation, which lead to lethal complications such as hypovolemic shock. However, the details underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we showed that intradermal treatment mice venom rhodocytin from Malayan viper Calloselasma rhodostoma induced dependent on C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) platelets....

The benefits of probiotic supplementation to lactating mothers on human milk cytokines are inconclusive. Thus, we performed a comprehensive open-label pilot trial analysis 27 in women with allergies (one three months postpartum) determine the effect mixture new strains. Participants voluntarily joined (n = 41) or no control 19) groups. group took tablets (Lactobacillus casei LC5, Bifidobacterium longum BG7, and Bacillus coagulans SANK70258) daily for one postpartum. Milk samples were...