Abstract Developing tissues such as meristems and reproductive organs require high zinc, but the molecular mechanisms of how zinc taken up by roots is preferentially delivered to these with low transpiration are unknown. Here, we report that rice (Oryza sativa) heavy metal ATPase2 (OsHMA2), a member P-type ATPases, involved in preferential delivery developing rice. OsHMA2 was mainly expressed mature zone at vegetative stage, higher expression also found nodes stage. The unaffected either...

Nodulin-26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) of the aquaporin family are involved in transport diverse solutes, but mechanisms controlling selectivity substrates poorly understood. The purpose this study was to investigate how aromatic/arginine (ar/R) filter influences substrate two NIP aquaporins; silicic acid (Si) transporter OsLsi1 (OsNIP2;1) from rice and boric (B) AtNIP5;1 Arabidopsis; both also permeable arsenite. Native site-directed mutagenized variants genes were expressed Xenopus...

Requirement of mineral elements in different plant tissues is not often consistent with their transpiration rate; therefore, plants have developed systems for preferential distribution to the developing low transpiration. Here we took silicon (Si) as an example and revealed efficient system Si node rice (Oryza sativa). Rice able accumulate more than 10% dry weight husk, which required protecting grains from water loss pathogen infection. However, it has been unknown a long time how this...

Summary Developing tissues such as meristem with low transpiration require high Zn levels for their active growth, but the molecular mechanisms underlying preferential distribution to these are poorly understood. We found that a member of ZIP ( ZRT , IRT ‐like protein), Os 3, showed expression in nodes rice Oryza sativa ). Immunostaining revealed 3 was localized at xylem intervening parenchyma cells and transfer enlarged vascular bundle both basal upper nodes. Neither gene nor encoded...

Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plant growth. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), Si uptake by the roots mainly mediated channel, Low Silicon1 (HvLsi1), and an efflux transporter, HvLsi2. However, transporters involved in distribution of shoots have not been identified. Here, we report functional characterization homolog HvLsi1, HvLsi6. HvLsi6 showed permeability localized to plasma membrane. At vegetative growth stage, was expressed both shoots. The expression level unaffected supply....

Zinc (Zn) is an important essential micronutrient for plants and humans; however, the exact transporter responsible root zinc uptake from soil has not been identified. Here, we found that OsZIP9, a member of ZRT–IRT-related protein, involved in Zn rice (Oryza sativa) under Zn-limited conditions. OsZIP9 was mainly localized to plasma membrane showed transport activity yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Expression pattern analysis expressed roots throughout all growth stages its expression...

Boron uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein 5;1 (NIP5;1), a boric acid channel that located preferentially on the soil side of plasma membrane root cells. However, mechanism underlying this polar localization poorly understood. Here, we show NIP5;1 epidermal and endodermal cells phosphorylation Thr residues conserved TPG (ThrProGly) repeat N-terminal region NIP5;1. Although substitutions Ala for three did not affect lateral diffusion membrane, these...

Summary The Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator, Noccaea caerulescens , has been studied extensively for its ability to accumulate high levels of Zn and Cd in leaves. Previous studies have indicated that the hyperaccumulation trait exhibited by this species involves different transport tolerance mechanisms. It also well documented certain ecotypes N. are much better hyperaccumulators than others. However, there does not seem be ecotypic variation . In study we employed a comparative transcriptomics...

Silicon (Si) uptake by the roots is mediated two different transporters, Lsi1 (passive) and Lsi2 (active), in rice (Oryza sativa). Both transporters are polarly localized plasma membranes of exodermal (outer) endodermal (inner) cells with Casparian strips. However, it unknown how able to take up large amounts Si compared other plants, why have a characteristic cellular localization pattern. To answer these questions, we simulated developing mathematical model based on simple diffusion...

Abstract Silicon (Si) accumulation in shoots differs greatly with plant species, but the molecular mechanisms for this interspecific difference are unknown. Here, we isolated homologous genes of rice Si influx ( SlLsi1 ) and efflux SlLsi2 transporter tomato Solanum lycopersicum L.) functionally characterized these genes. showed transport activity when expressed both lsi1 mutant Xenopus laevis oocytes. was constitutively roots. Immunostaining that localized at plasma membrane root tip basal...

Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plants, which helps to mitigate various biotic and abiotic stresses. Since the last review on Si published in this journal 2004, great progress has been made understanding transport system of different plant species. The discovery two transporters (Lsi1 Lsi2) rice led intensive investigation other Lsi1 belongs Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) subfamily aquaporin (AQP) family functions as an influx transporter Si. By contrast, Lsi2 anion...

Rice is able to accumulate high concentrations of silicon (Si) in the shoots, and this ability required for mitigation abiotic biotic stresses. Although transporters Si uptake have been identified, a transporter xylem loading has not found. We functionally characterized transporter, OsLsi3, terms tissue-specific localization, knockout line phenotype mathematic simulation. OsLsi3 was shown be an efflux transporter. mainly expressed mature root region, its expression downregulated by Si....

Abstract Silicon (Si) is the most abundant mineral element in earth’s crust. Some plants actively accumulate Si as amorphous silica (phytoliths), which can protect from stresses. Here, we report a gene ( SIET4 ) that required for proper accumulation and cell-specific deposition of rice show it essential normal growth. constitutively expressed leaves encodes transporter. SlET4 polarly localizes at distal side epidermal cells surrounding bulliform (motor cells) leaf blade, where deposited....

The accumulation of silicon (Si) differs greatly with plant species and cultivars due to different ability the roots take up Si. In Si accumulating plants such as rice, barley maize, uptake is mediated by influx (Lsi1) efflux (Lsi2) transporters. Here we report isolation functional analysis two transporters (CmLsi2-1 CmLsi2-2) from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) contrasting in uptake. These are used for rootstocks bloom bloomless cucumber, respectively. Different mutations transporter...

Rice requires high silicon (Si) for its and sustainable yield. The efficient uptake of Si in rice is mediated by two transporters OsLsi1 OsLsi2, which function as influx efflux transporters, respectively. Our previous studies showed that the mRNA expression levels these transporter genes were down-regulated Si. Herein we investigated mechanism underlying regulation OsLsi2 expression. There was a negative correlation between level shoot accumulation when seedlings exposed to different supply...

Manganese (Mn) cation diffusion facilitators (Mn-CDFs) play important roles in the Mn homeostasis of plants. In rice, tonoplast-localized Mn-CDF metal tolerance protein 8.1 (MTP8.1) is involved detoxification shoots. This study functionally characterized MTP8.2 and determined its contribution to tolerance. was found share 68% identity with MTP8.1 expressed both shoots roots, but transcription level lower than that MTP8.1. Transient expression MTP8.2:green fluorescent (GFP) fusion...

Summary Nodulin 26‐like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) play essential roles in transporting the nutrients silicon and boron seed plants, but evolutionary origin of this transport function co‐permeability to toxic arsenic remains enigmatic. Horizontal gene transfer a yet uncharacterised bacterial AqpN‐aquaporin group was starting‐point for plant NIP evolution. We combined intense sequence, phylogenetic genetic context analyses mutational approach with various assays oocytes plants resolve...

Abstract About 60–85% of total phosphorus (P) in cereal crops is finally allocated to seeds, where it required for seed development, germination and early growth. However, little known about the molecular mechanisms underlying P allocation seeds. Here, we found that two members (OsPHO1;1 OsPHO1;2) PHO1 gene family are involved distribution seeds rice. Both OsPHO1;1 OsPHO1;2 were localized plasma membrane showed influx transport activities inorganic phosphate. At reproductive stage, both...

Abstract Silicon (Si), the most abundant mineral element in earth’s crust, is taken up by plant roots form of silicic acid through Low silicon rice 1 (Lsi1). Lsi1 belongs to Nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein subfamily aquaporin and shows high selectivity for acid. To uncover structural basis this selectivity, here we show crystal structure at a resolution 1.8 Å. The reveals transmembrane helical orientations different from other aquaporins, characterized unique, widely opened, hydrophilic...

Silicon (Si) has long been known to play a major physiological and structural role in certain organisms, including diatoms, sponges, many higher plants, leading the recent identification of multiple proteins responsible for Si transport range algal plant species. In mammals, despite several convincing studies suggesting that silicon is an important factor bone development connective tissue health, there critical lack understanding about biochemical pathways enable homeostasis. Here we report...

Abstract Silicon (Si) is important for stable and high yields in rice (Oryza sativa), a typical Si hyperaccumulator. The accumulation achieved by the cooperation of 2 transporters, LOW SILICON 1 (OsLsi1) OsLsi2, which are polarly localized cells root exodermis endodermis. However, mechanism underlying their polar localization unknown. Here, we identified amino acid residues critical OsLsi1. Deletion both N- C-terminal regions resulted loss its localization. Furthermore, deletion C-terminus...