Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum can cause a diffuse encephalopathy known as cerebral malaria (CM), major contributor to associated mortality. Despite treatment, mortality due CM be high 30% while 10% of survivors the disease may experience short- and long-term neurological complications. The pathogenesis other forms severe is multi-factorial appear involve cytokine chemokine homeostasis, inflammation vascular injury/repair. Identification prognostic markers that predict severity...

Globally, little evidence exists on transmission patterns of COVID-19. Recommendations to prevent infection include appropriate and frequent handwashing plus physical social distancing. We conducted an exploratory observational study assess compliance with these recommendations in selected transportation stations Ghana. A one-hour audit 45 public transport the Greater Accra region was carried out between 27th 29th March 2020. Using adapted World Health Organization (WHO) hand hygiene...

Certain professions are associated with low physical activity. Workers in such spend the most part of their adult working lives less engaged activity if they don't consciously exercise outside hours. This increases risk obesity and its diseases. study determined prevalence overweight factors among workers a financial institution Accra Metropolis, Ghana. A cross-sectional was conducted 180 using World Health Organization's STEPS (STEPwise approach) instrument for non-communicable disease...

Sickle cell anemia (HbSS) includes chronic inflammation, but the origin is unclear. We hypothesized that in stable HbSS patients inflammation was associated with hypermetabolism. compared selected hypermetabolic and key Immuno-modulator indicators versus control children examined associations between measures of hypermetabolism inflammation. Twelve fasting asymptomatic 6–12 years 9 controls matched for age, gender fat mass (FM) were studied. Proportional reticulocyte count (retic%) resting...

BackgroundHIV counselling and testing (HCT) knowledge about HIV have been key strategies utilised in the prevention control of HIV/AIDS worldwide. uptake HCT services sub-Saharan Africa are still low. This study was conducted to determine factors associated with levels among a commuter population Johannesburg, South Africa.ObjectiveTo identify population.DesignA simple random sampling method used select participants venue-based intercept survey at taxi rank Johannesburg Central Business...

Abstract Background Artisanal mining creates enabling breeding ground for the vector of malaria parasites. There is paucity data on effects artisanal malaria. This study assessed burden and caregivers’ health-seeking behaviour children under five in communities East Akim District Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional involving caregivers their was conducted three Caregivers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Finger prick blood samples collected analysed haemoglobin concentration...

Agriculture represents the mainstay of African economies and livestock products are essential to human population's nutritional needs. However, in many developing countries, including Ghana, production fails meet demand due population growth negative effects climate change. One challenges is loss affecting farmers. despite stressful events experienced, farmers' mental health poorly documented. This study aims identify root causes losses their influence on pastoralists' health.We conducted a...

The deworming exercise program does not cover all children who are in school. This study determined the prevalence and species type of helminth infestation associated factors among attending Princess Marie Louise Children’s Hospital Accra, Ghana. Children (225) below age 10 have taken antihelminthic drugs prior to period were recruited between May June 2015. or guardians interviewed using structured questionnaires fresh stools collected processed for helminths identification microscopy. Data...

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in developing countries like Ghana continues to rise. This study seeks assess the risk factors a Ghanaian setting. An unmatched case–control among patients receiving care at out-patient departments two major hospitals Ho Municipality. Patients diagnosed with were recruited. Appropriate controls similar ages who also department these Both cases and administered questionnaire that comprises standardized validated tools. These tools include WHO STEPs...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Rapid diagnostic Test (RDT) kits are the preferred assays for HIV testing in many countries. Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, Know Your Status Campaigns, Blood-Safety, Voluntary Counseling and Testing major strategies adapted to control transmission pivot these interventions is either screening or diagnosing individuals through testing. There reports inconsistent sensitivity specificity with whole blood serum samples collected from same...

Abstract Background Malaria afflicts 300–500 million people causing over 1 deaths globally per year. The immunopathogenesis of malaria is mediated partly by co mplex cellular and immunomodulator interactions involving co-regulators such as cytokines adhesion molecules. However, the role chemokines their receptors in immunopathology remains unclear. RANTES (Regulated on Activation Normal T-Cell Expressed Secreted) a chemokine involved generation inflammatory infiltrates. Recent studies...

The burden of malaria in mobile populations remains poorly documented sub-Saharan Africa. This study determined the prevalence among hawkers and long-distance truck drivers Greater Accra region Ghana.A cross-sectional design using consecutive sampling method between June July 2016 Tema Ghana was used this study. population who roam sleep Market Streets, drivers. Participants completed closed ended interview questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics, primary residence knowledge...

Abstract Background Cerebral malaria (CM) is a major cause of mortality. Sequestration infected red blood cells and leukocytes in brain vessels coupled with the production pro-inflammatory factors contribute to CM. CXCL-10 chemokine that chemotactic T has been linked fatal Mice deficient for gene are resistant murine CM, while antibody ablation enhanced regulatory (CD4+Cd25+Foxp3+) IL-10 which regulate immune system. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), cytokine implicated pathogenesis also shown be key...

This study aimed to determine barriers accessing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing (HCT) services among a commuter population.A cross-sectional, venue-based intercept survey was conducted. Participants were recruited during 2-day community campaign at the Noord Street taxi rank in Johannesburg, South Africa. Data collected using self-administered questionnaire loaded onto an electronic data collection system analyzed Stata software. Factors contributing for HCT...

Background Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted various species female phlebotomine sand flies. The first report cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ghana refer to cluster cases 1999–2003 Ho municipality Volta Region. We conducted an epidemiological assessment Oti Region, encouraged recent reports potential CL. Methodology/Principal findings Using cross-sectional study design, exposure was investigated three communities Region...

Abstract Globally, as little evidence exists on transmission patterns of COVID-19, recommendations to prevent infection include appropriate and frequent handwashing plus physical social distancing. We conducted an exploratory observational study assess compliance with these in selected transportation stations Ghana. A one-hour audit 45 public transport the Greater Accra region was carried out between 27 th 29 March 2020. Using adapted World Health Organization (WHO) hand hygiene assessment...

Congenital syphilis is a consequence of undiagnosed, untreated, or inadequately treated maternal and results in serious adverse outcomes. It easily diagnosed Ghana it at points care free; yet most pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) are not screened. This study identified some factors influencing screening uptake medical facilities during pregnancy the Brong Ahafo Region Ghana.A cross-sectional was conducted two districts Ghana. All health selected that run services were assessed...

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common type of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasites genus Leishmania . In Ghana, some studies in Volta region have detected among persons with skin ulcers. Methodology/Principal findings Using cross-sectional study design, prevalence CL three communities Oti Region Ghana was investigated. Demographic and epidemiological data were obtained structured interviewer administered questionnaire. A total 426 (12.4%) out...

Abstract Background Yaws is a chronic relapsing disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertunue , which can result in severe disability and deformities. Children below the age of 15 years resource-poor communities are most affected. Several non-specific factors facilitate continuous transmission resurgence disease. Endemic rural Ghana continue to report cases despite roll out several intervention strategies past years. The objective this study was determine associated with cutaneous...

Genomic DNA fragments encoding nine, novel, P-type ATPases in trypanosomatid organisms were amplified PCR, using degenerate oligonucleotide primers that recognize the ATP-binding and -phosphorylation sites present all ATPases. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis, based on presence of conserved motifs predicted peptide sequences for six Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi or Leishmania donovani PCR fragments, identified calcium-, proton- phospholipid-translocating predict proteins homologous to fungal,...

Factors associated with individual patient-level management of HIV have received minimal attention in sub-Saharan Africa. This study determined the association between support services and cluster differentiation 4 (CD4) counts among patients attending ART clinic Ghana. was a cross-sectional involving adults recruited 1 August 2014 31 January 2015. Data on were obtained through closed-ended personal interview while CD4 data collected from their medical records. entered into EpiData analyzed...

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic disease that has been targeted for elimination through the Mass Drug Administration (MDA.) Although MDA started in Ankobra community Ghana 2000, LF prevalence as reported 2014 was relatively high (4.5%). Non-compliance to associated with persistent endemic regions. Objective: This study determined factors non-compliance among patients living community, Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional using one-stage cluster sampling method used collect...