A5057636079- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
The Ohio State University
2017-2025
University of Kinshasa
2021
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
2021
National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians
2021
University of Florida
2012-2016
Fred Hutch Cancer Center
2009-2016
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research
2003-2013
National Center for Infectious Diseases
2003-2013
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2003-2013
University of Washington
2009-2011
Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pandemic H1N1) is spreading throughout the planet. It has become dominant strain in Southern Hemisphere, where season now ended. Here, on basis of reported case clusters United States, we estimated household secondary attack rate for pandemic H1N1 to be 27.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) from 12.2% 50.5%]. From a school outbreak, that typical schoolchild infects 2.4 (95% CI 1.8 3.2) other children within school. We basic reproductive number, R0, range 1.3...
Abstract We investigated an outbreak of encephalitis in Tangail District, Bangladesh. defined case-patients as persons from the area whom fever developed with new onset seizures or altered mental status December 15, 2004, through January 31, 2005. Twelve met definition; 11 (92%) died. Serum specimens were available 3; 2 had immunoglobulin M antibodies against Nipah virus by capture enzyme immunoassay. enrolled and 33 neighborhood controls a case-control study. The only exposure significantly...
Abstract Human Nipah outbreaks recur in a specific region and time of year Bangladesh. Fruit bats are the reservoir host for virus. We identified 23 introductions virus into human populations central northwestern Bangladesh from 2001 through 2007. Ten affected multiple persons (median 10). Illness onset occurred December May but not every year. 122 cases infection. The mean age case-patients was 27 years; 87 (71%) died. In 62 (51%) virus–infected patients, illness developed 5–15 days after...
In an important paper, M.E.J. Newman claimed that a general network-based stochastic Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) epidemic model is isomorphic to bond percolation model, where the bonds are edges of contact network and occupation probability equal marginal transmission from infected node susceptible neighbor. this we show isomorphism incorrect define semi-directed random call exactly SIR in any finite population. limit large population, (i) distribution (self-limited) outbreak sizes...
We investigated a cluster of patients with encephalitis in the Manikgonj and Rajbari Districts Bangladesh February 2008 to determine etiology risk factors for disease.We classified persons as confirmed Nipah cases by presence immunoglobulin M antibodies against virus (NiV), or NiV RNA isolation from cerebrospinal fluid throat swabs who had onset symptoms between 6 March 10, 2008. probable if they reported fever convulsions altered mental status, resided outbreak areas during that period,...
Abstract Background As of April 2, 2020, the global reported number COVID-19 cases has crossed over 1 million with more than 55,000 deaths. The household transmissibility SARS-CoV-2, causative pathogen, remains elusive. Methods Based on a comprehensive contact-tracing dataset from Guangzhou, we estimated both population-level effective reproductive and individual-level secondary attack rate (SAR) in setting. We assessed age effects infectivity during their incubation period. Results A total...
In an earlier study in Karachi, Pakistan, households that received free soap and handwashing promotion for 9 months reported 53% less diarrhea than controls. Eighteen after the intervention ended, these were enrolled a follow-up to assess sustainability of behavior. Upon re-enrollment, mothers originally assigned 1.5 times more likely have place with water wash hands (79% versus 53%, P = 0.001) when asked 2.2 rub their together at least three (50% 23%, 0.002) compared ensuing 14 months,...
New strains of influenza spread around the globe via movement infected individuals. The global dynamics are complicated by different patterns seasonality in regions world. We have released an open-source stochastic mathematical model across 321 major, strategically located cities Influenza is transmitted between airline passengers. Seasonality simulated increasing transmissibility each city at times year when has been observed to be most prevalent. spatiotemporal pandemic can understood...
As the Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) started to spread rapidly in state of Ohio, Ecology, Epidemiology and Population Health (EEPH) program within Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) at The Ohio State University (OSU) took initiative offer epidemic modeling decision analytics support Department (ODH). This paper describes methodology used by OSU/IDI response team predict statewide cases new infections as well potential hospital burden state. has two components: (1) A Dynamical Survival...
Visceral leishmaniasis, or kala azar (KA), affects the rural poor, causing significant morbidity and mortality. We examined epidemiologic, social, economic impact of KA in a village Bangladesh. A population-based survey among 2,348 people demonstrated incidence 2% per year from 2000 to 2002, with case-fatality rate 19% adult women, compared 6-8% other demographic groups. Kala cases were geographically clustered certain sections village. Anti-leishmanial drug shortages high cost diagnosis...
Post–kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) occurs after kala-azar treatment and acts as a durable infection reservoir. On the basis of active case finding among 22,699 respondents, 813 (3.6%) had since 2002, whom 79 (9.7%) developed PKDL. Eight additional patients with PKDL no history kala-azar. Annual incidence peaked at 85 cases per 10,000 person-years in 2004 fell to 46 2007, but rose from 1 2002–2004 21 2007. The rising threatens regional visceral elimination initiative underscores...
Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) was first detected in Colombia September 2015. As April 2016, had reported over 65,000 cases disease (ZVD). We analysed daily surveillance data ZVD to the health authorities San Andres and Girardot, Colombia, between 2015 January 2016. laboratory-confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) serum acute within five days symptom onset. use incidence estimate basic reproductive number (R0) each population. identified 928 1,936 from...
In this paper, we show that solutions to ordinary differential equations describing the large-population limits of Markovian stochastic epidemic models can be interpreted as survival or cumulative hazard functions when analysing data on individuals sampled from population. We refer individual-level and derived population-level a dynamical system (SDS). To illustrate how dynamics imply probability laws for infection recovery times used statistical inference, numerical examples based synthetic...
We conducted active surveillance for kala-azar and post–kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in a population of 24,814 individuals. Between 2002 2010, 1,002 185 PKDL cases occurred. Median patient age was 12 years; 9% had no antecedent kala-azar. Cases per 10,000 person-years peaked at 90 (2005) 28 (2007). Cumulative incidence among patients 17% by 5 years. Kala-azar younger than 15 years were more likely older to develop PKDL; other risk factors identified. The most common lesions...
Epidemic percolation networks (EPNs) are directed random that can be used to analyze stochastic “Susceptible-Infectious-Removed” (SIR) and “Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed” (SEIR) epidemic models, unifying generalizing previous uses of branching processes mass-action network-based S(E)IR models. This paper explains the fundamental concepts underlying definition use EPNs, using them build intuition about final outcomes epidemics. We then show how EPNs provide a novel useful perspective...
Recent work has attempted to use whole-genome sequence data from pathogens reconstruct the transmission trees linking infectors and infectees in outbreaks. However, one outbreak do not generalize future Reconstruction of is most useful public health if it leads generalizable scientific insights about disease transmission. In a survival analysis framework, estimation parameters based on sums or averages over possible trees. A phylogeny can increase precision these estimates by providing...
Incarcerated individuals are a highly vulnerable population for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understanding the transmission of infections within prisons and between surrounding communities is crucial component pandemic preparedness response. Here, we use mathematical statistical models to analyze publicly available data on spread SARS-CoV-2 reported by Ohio Department Rehabilitation Corrections (ODRC). Results from mass testing conducted April...
OBJECTIVES Detailed job satisfaction evaluations are often used to build strategies for employee retention. Despite recognizing that emergency medical services (EMS) dissatisfaction drives turnover, validated tools rigorously evaluating have not been employed. We aim assess the association between EMS clinician and their likelihood of leaving profession using Spector Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS).
Background/Objectives: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians in the US have high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rates and often do not receive primary vaccinations or subsequent boosters. The extent of booster attrition following initial vaccination first dose EMS is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate prevalence drivers clinicians. We hypothesized that common among associated with various characteristics. Methods: This study a cross-sectional analysis nationally certified civilian aged...