Diabetes alters microvascular function in the vascular beds of organs, including lungs. Cardiovascular complications pulmonary affectation may be a consequence overactivation vasoconstrictive and proliferative components renin-angiotensin system. We previously reported that physiology surfactant production is improved by glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide (LIR) rat model lung hypoplasia. Because we hypothesized streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats would show...

Ghrelin is a potent orexigenic and adipogenic hormone that strongly influences fat deposition the generation of hunger in obesity. Indeed, hyperghrelinemia appears to promote an increase food intake as seen Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Exendin (Ex)-4 agonist glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor (GLP-1r) has anorexigenic fat-reducing properties. Here, we report Ex-4 reduces levels ghrelin by up 74% fasted rats. These effects are dose dependent long lasting (up 8 h), they can be detected...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a potent insulinotropic peptide expressed in the gut and brain, which secreted response to food intake. The levels of GLP-1 within brain have been related activity hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, hence, this might mediate some responses stress. Nevertheless, there little information regarding effects circulating on neuroendocrine control HPA activity. Here, we studied corticoadrenal steroids peripheral administration (7-36)-amide peptides...

Control of estrous cycle and reproductive capacity involves a large number central peripheral factors, integrating numerous nutritional metabolic signals. Here we show that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide with anorexigenic insulinotropic actions, the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex4) exert regulatory influence on gonadal axis, in both adult prepubertal female rats. In rats, Glp-1 expression varies during at hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary. Furthermore, acute treatment morning...

The aim of this study was to determinate whether elevations in circulating free fatty acids (FFA) inhibit vivo growth hormone (GH) responses GH-releasing (GHRH) by increasing hypothalamic somatostatin release or acting directly on the pituitary. Thus, we have studied effect an Intralipid-heparin infusion GH GHRH normal rats, rats passively immunized with antisomatostatin antiserum, medial ablation, and hypophysectomized bearing two hypophyses under renal capsule. Administration 1 ml...

Exendin-4 (Ex-4), an agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), shares many actions GLP-1 on pancreatic islets, central nervous system (CNS), and gastrointestinal tract that mediates glucose homeostasis food intake. Because Ex-4 has a much longer plasma half-life than GLP-1, it is effective drug for reducing blood levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we report acute administration Ex-4, relatively high doses, into either peripheral circulation or CNS,...

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is found in a variety of tissues outside the pancreas. For example, GLP-1R expressed lung, where it has been implicated regulation lipid fraction surfactants, suggesting fulfills an important role lung function. Here, we show that expression strongly up-regulated immediately after birth neonatal rats, particular male offspring. Moreover, administering long half-life agonists to mother from gestational day 14 (exendin-4 or liraglutide) increased...

Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and fatal lung disease. This disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix deposition that modify normal physiology. Up to date, there are not efficient therapeutic tools fight IPF. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation plays essential role in functions pathological conditions. The aim the present study was possible beneficial effects administration GLP-1R agonist, liraglutide,...

In utero growth restriction and being born small for gestational age are risk factors respiratory morbidity. IUGR (in retardation) is associated to overall reduction in lung weight, surfactant content activity, impaired maturation of the alveolar type II cells, decreased formation. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be a key target underlying pathophysiological alterations. GLP-1 agonists its receptor modulate expression levels different components RAS also very important production...

The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes obesity. Glucagon-like exerts its by activating membrane receptor identified many tissues, including different brain regions. activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection, like the support of cell growth/survival, enhancement promotion synapse formation, autophagy, inhibition secretion proinflammatory cytokines, microglial...

His-dTrp-Ala-Trp-dPhe, Lys-NH2 (GHRP-6) is a synthetic compound that releases GH in dose-response and specific manner several species may well be related to an endogenous of similar structure. The aim this study was investigate the vivo responses GHRP-6 pentobarbital anesthetized rats. Specifically order avoid influence GHRH somatostatin secretion we studied animals with surgical ablation hypothalamus, confirmed by histological assessment, as hypophysectomyzed-transplanted rats bearing two...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Orexins (OXs) are a newly described family of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Based on the distribution OX neurons and their receptors in brain, it has been postulated that they could play role regulation neuroendocrine function. GH secretion is markedly influenced by nutritional status body weight. To investigate OX-A plays neuroregulation we have studied its effect spontaneous as well responses to GHRH ghrelin freely moving rats. Finally, also assessed vitro secretion....

This study determined the effects of short-term energy inputs on ghrelin secretion and possible links with changes in follicle population or ovulation rate. Oestrous cycle was synchronized 16 Manchega sheep using progestagen sponges cloprostenol. Half animals were treated from days 0 to 4 by oral administration, twice daily, 200 ml a glucogenic mixture containing 70% glycerol, 20% 1,2-propanediol 10% water; control group received water. The mean (± s.e.m. ) plasma glucose increased...

Perinatal maternal malnutrition is related to altered growth of tissues and organs. The nervous system development very sensitive environmental insults, being the hippocampus a vulnerable structure, in which number neurons granular cells has been observed. Moreover, glial are also affected, increased expression proinflammatory mediators We studied effect Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, liraglutide, have potent metabolic neuroprotective effects, order ameliorate/prevent...

Exendin-4 (Ex-4) is a natural agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, currently being used as treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its insulinotropic properties. Previous studies have revealed that acute administration both GLP-1 and, in particular, Ex-4 potently stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. In this work, effects prolonged exposure on HPA function were explored. To end, Sprague-Dawley rats subjected daily regimen two injections (5...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4), potently stimulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity after either central or peripheral administration. Because several derivative drugs, including synthetic Ex-4, are currently in use to treat patients with type II diabetes mellitus, characterization of Ex-4 effects on HPA is highly relevant. Herein, roles CRH AVP these were investigated by administering antagonists astressin...