A5090685403- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Odor and Emission Control Technologies
- Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
- Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
- Groundwater flow and contamination studies
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
- Phosphorus and nutrient management
- Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
2015-2025
University of Edinburgh
2014-2017
Natural Environment Research Council
2016
Edinburgh College
2016
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
1991-1992
New York University
1991-1992
NYU Langone Health
1989
We have isolated a cytoplasmic chaperonin based on its ability to catalyze the folding of denatured beta-actin. The is organized as multisubunit toroid and requires Mg2+ ATP for activity. reaction proceeds via rapid ATP-independent formation binary complex, followed by slower ATP-dependent release native product. Electron microscopic observations reveal striking structural change that occurs upon addition ATP. eukaryotic cytoplasm thus contains functionally analagous prokaryotic,...
As demand for food production continues to rise, it is clear that in order meet the challenges of future terms security and environmental sustainability, radical changes are required throughout all levels global system. Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) (a.k.a. indoor farming) has an advantage over conventional farming methods processes can be largely separated from natural environment, thus, less reliant on conditions, pollution better restricted controlled. While output potential at...
Plastic products are ubiquitous in our homes, but we know very little about emissions from these and their subsequent impact on indoor air quality. This is the first study to systematically determine temperature-dependent of volatile organic compounds commonly used plastic consumer found home. The types included high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS) polyester rubber. samples were exposed increasing temperatures (between 18 28 °C)...
Abstract. The COSMOS-UK observation network has been providing field-scale soil moisture and hydrometeorological measurements across the UK since 2013. At time of publication a total 51 sites have established, each delivering high-temporal resolution data in near-real time. Each site utilizes cosmic-ray neutron sensor, which counts epithermal neutrons at land surface. These are used to derive near-surface water content, can provide unique insight for science, industry, agriculture by filling...
This study presents detailed crop and gas flux data from two years of rice production at the experimental farm ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. In comparing 4 nitrogen (N) fertiliser regimes across cultivars (CRD 310, IR-64, MTU 1010, P-44), we have added to growing evidence environmental costs in region. The shows that cultivar can impact yields both grain, total biomass produced given circumstances, with CRD 310 showing consistently high use efficiency (NUE)...
Abstract. One hundred N2O flux measurements were made from an area of intensively managed grazed grassland in central Scotland using a high-resolution dynamic chamber method. The field contained variety features which fluxes measured including manure heap, patches decaying grass silage, and areas increased sheep activity. Individual varied significantly across the varying 2 to 79 000 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1. Soil samples collected at 55 locations investigate relationships between soil properties...
Nitrous oxide ( N 2 O ) is a greenhouse gas produced mainly by the microbial breakdown of agricultural fertilizer. ‘Emission factors’ EFs , fraction nitrogen added that released as are based on flux chamber measurements following application These very variable in space and time so often uncertain, but this rarely quantified. We developed method simplifies calculation incorporates prior knowledge quantifies uncertainty with B ayesian approach to fit parameters lognormal model. compared...
Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) in the atmosphere affects both environment and human health. It is therefore increasingly recognised by policy makers as an important air pollutant that needs to be mitigated, though it still remains unregulated many countries. In order understand effectiveness of abatement strategies, routine NH3 monitoring required. Current reference protocols, first developed 1990s, use daily samplers with offline analysis; however, there have been a number technologies since,...
Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes exhibit a high temporal and spatial variability, making their accurate quantification challenging. Recently, the eddy covariance (EC) technique has become available for N2O measurements, providing non-intrusive spatially integrated flux data at resolution (half-hourly from 10 Hz raw data), which can give valuable insights in underlying drivers when combined with ancillary measurements.Since April 2022, we measure by EC using fast response closed-path analyzer (Los...
The widescale global use of Hydrogen (H2) fuel may result in increasing concentrations atmospheric H2 gas as a diffuse operational leakage. While is not direct greenhouse (GHG), it does exhibit secondary GHG effects and influences several important chemistry reactions which could have cascading environmental effects. dominant process removal from the atmosphere uptake by soils; however, this mechanism poorly understood fate impact increased emissions on soil sink remain highly uncertain. In...
Summary A dynamic chamber method was developed to measure fluxes of N 2 O from soils with greater accuracy than previously possible, through the use a quantum cascade laser ( QCL ). The compared conventional static method, where samples are analysed subsequently on gas chromatograph. Results suggest that is capable measuring soil an uncertainty typically less 1–2 µg O‐N m −2 hour −1 (0.24–0.48 g ha day ), much because precision and temporal resolution . continuous record CO concentration at...
In this study, we analysed datasets of N2O emission factors (EFs) from 21 separate studies carried out on arable and managed grasslands across the UK Ireland over past 20 years. A total 641 events were collated 40 experimental field sites. Individual EFs ranged an order magnitude (0–12% applied N) for each fertiliser type, following a log-normal distribution in all cases. Our study shows that Bayesian approach can provide robust statistical method is capable performing uncertainty analysis...
Abstract The role of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in global climate change is now well recognized and there a clear need to measure emissions verify the efficacy mitigation measures. To this end, reliable estimates are needed GHG balance at national scale over long time periods, but these difficult make accurately. Because measurement techniques generally restricted relatively small spatial temporal scales, fundamental problem translating into long‐term on regional scale. key challenge lies...
Abstract The functional subunit of microtubules is a heterodimer consisting α‐ and β‐tubulin. An understanding tubulin dimerization has been hampered because it not proved possible to purify native monomers. To study the process whereby dimers are formed, we made use tubulins synthesized by in vitro transcription translation. We present evidence that synthesis different mouse α‐tubulin isotypes involves multimolecular complex. β‐tubulin also formation complexes, though behave somewhat...
Abstract. Uptake (or negative flux) of nitrous oxide (N2O) in agricultural soils is a controversial issue which has proved difficult to investigate the past due constraints such as instrumental precision and methodological uncertainties. Using recently developed high-precision quantum cascade laser gas analyser combined with closed dynamic chamber, well-defined detection limit 4 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1 could be achieved for individual soil flux measurements. 1220 measurements N2O were made from...
Abstract. Intensively managed grass production in high-rainfall temperate climate zones is a globally important source of N2O. Many these grasslands are occasionally tilled to rejuvenate the sward, and this can lead increased N2O emissions. This was investigated by comparing fluxes from two adjacent intensively grazed Scotland, one which tilled. A combination eddy covariance, high-resolution dynamic chamber static methods used. emissions field significantly for several days immediately after...
Abstract We show that the expression of gene encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is affected by at least three as‐acting elements. A positive regulatory element located between nucleotides ‐1, 631 and 479 can confer cell type‐specific on a heterologous gene. second ‐97 ‐80. The third negative within first intron Deletion this activates GFAP in HeLa cells, affects promoter function glioma cells.
Abstract. Three different nitrogen (N) fertiliser types, ammonium nitrate, urea and coated with a urease inhibitor (Agrotain®), were applied at standard rates (70 kg N ha−1) to experimental plots in typical intensively managed grassland area the Easter Bush Farm Estate (Scotland). The use efficiency of fertilisers was investigated as well losses form nitrous oxide fluxes (N2O) ammonia (NH3) during fertilisation events 2016 2017 growing seasons. Nitrous measured by static chamber technique...
Abstract. In Southeast Asia, oil palm (OP) plantations have largely replaced tropical forests. The impact of this shift in land use on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes remains highly uncertain, mainly due to a relatively small pool available data. aim study is quantify differences nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) as well soil carbon dioxide (CO2) respiration rates from logged forests, different ages, an adjacent riparian area. Nitrous are the focus study, these emissions expected increase...
Rising global energy prices have led to increased costs of nitrogen (N) fertilisers for farmers, but N pollution (losses) from agricultural activities can account over 50% the applied. This study assesses feasibility a low-cost and low-tech method NH 3 emission capture an point source (chicken manure) using water column bubbling technique, its application as fertiliser several plant types. Solutions i) nitric acid (HNO ), ii) calcium nitrate (Ca(NO ) 2 iii) mixture Ca(NO HNO iv) deionised H...