A5002025198- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Odor and Emission Control Technologies
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Global Health Care Issues
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Urban Green Space and Health
- Environmental Policies and Emissions
- Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
2016-2024
Natural Environment Research Council
2015-2016
Abstract. The reduction of ambient concentrations fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a key objective for air pollution control policies in the UK and elsewhere. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 has been identified as major contributor adverse human health effects epidemiological studies underpins legislation. As range emission sources atmospheric chemistry transport processes contribute concentrations, models are an essential tool assess emissions effectiveness. EMEP4UK model was used investigate...
The potential to capture additional air pollutants by introducing more vegetation or changing existing short woodland on first sight provides an attractive route for lowering urban pollution. Here, atmospheric chemistry and transport model was run with a range of landcover scenarios quantify pollutant removal the total UK as well effect large-scale tree planting whole reduces area (population)-weighted concentrations significantly, 10% (9%) PM 2.5 , 30% (22%) SO 2 24% (19%) NH 3 15% (13%) O...
Abstract Fertilization of nitrogen (N)-limited ecosystems by anthropogenic atmospheric deposition (N dep ) may promote CO 2 removal from the atmosphere, thereby buffering human effects on global radiative forcing. We used biogeochemical ecosystem model N14CP, which considers interactions among C (carbon), N and P (phosphorus), driven a new reconstruction historical , to assess responses soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in British semi-natural landscapes change. calculate that increased net...
Abstract In much of the industrialised world, policy interventions to address challenges wide-spread air pollution as resulting from development and economic progress in 2nd half 20th century have overall led reductions levels related health effects since 1970s. While improvements towards reducing ambient are recorded, comprehensive consistent assessments long-term impact still scarce. this paper, we conduct a model assessment over 40 year period UK. order correct for short longer term...
This paper describes an agricultural model (Roth-CNP) that estimates carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pools, pool changes, their balance the nutrient fluxes exported from arable grassland systems in UK during 1800-2010. The Roth-CNP was developed as part of Integrated Model (IM) to simulate C, N P cycling for whole UK, by loosely coupling terrestrial, hydrological hydro-chemical models. calibrated tested using long term experiment (LTE) data Broadbalk (1843) Park Grass (1856) at...
Background: Air pollution has been consistently linked with dementia and cognitive decline. However, it is unclear whether risk accumulated through long-term exposure or there are sensitive/critical periods. A key barrier to clarifying this relationship the dearth of historical air data. Objective: To demonstrate feasibility modelling data using them in epidemiologicalmodels. Methods: Using EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport model, we modelled fine particulate matter (PM2.5)...
Traditional approaches of quantifying population-level exposure to air pollution assume that concentrations pollutants at the residential address study population are representative for overall exposure. This introduces potential bias in quantification human health effects. Our combines new UK Census data comprising information on workday densities, with high spatio-temporal resolution concentration fields from WRF-EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport model, derive more realistic...
Abstract Rapid advances in species distribution modelling have been facilitated by open availability of ‘big data’ and powerful statistical methods. A key consideration remains the time window over which field recorded occurrence data are sampled to develop a baseline distribution. Too narrow, distributions incomplete affected sampling bias, too broad may fail meet an assumption equilibrium, having dynamic change across range different predictors. Lichens case point; being diverse,...
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 583:227-242 (2017) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12343 From days decades: short- and long-term variation in environmental conditions affect offspring diet composition of a marine top predator Richard J. Howells1,2,*, Sarah Burthe1, Jon A. Green2, Michael P. Harris1, Mark Newell1, Adam Butler3, David G....
Air pollution presents a major risk to human health, resulting in premature deaths and reduced quality of life. Quantifying the role vegetation reducing air concentrations is an important contribution urban natural capital accounting. However, most current methods calculate removal are static, do not represent atmospheric transport pollutants, or interactions among pollutants meteorology. An additional challenge defining extent way that captures green blue infrastructure providing service...
In this study, we analysed datasets of N2O emission factors (EFs) from 21 separate studies carried out on arable and managed grasslands across the UK Ireland over past 20 years. A total 641 events were collated 40 experimental field sites. Individual EFs ranged an order magnitude (0–12% applied N) for each fertiliser type, following a log-normal distribution in all cases. Our study shows that Bayesian approach can provide robust statistical method is capable performing uncertainty analysis...
Atmospheric NOx concentrations are declining steadily due to successful abatement strategies predominantly targeting combustion sources. On the European continent, total emissions fell by 55% between 1990 and 2017, but only modest reductions were achieved from agricultural sector; with 7.8% 20 Eastern countries 19.1% 22 Western countries. Consequently, share of for these 42 have increased 3.6% 7.2%. These values highly uncertain serious lack studies soils manure management. The emission...
Over the last two centuries, landscape of many industrialised nations has been transformed by spread and intensification agriculture, atmospheric pollution, human waste (rising in line with population growth), now changes climate. The research presented here aims to understand quantify how these long-term have impacted UK freshwaters flux macronutrients sea. Long Term Large Scale (LTLS) Freshwater Model used readily-available driving data (climate, land-use, nutrient inputs, catchment...
The Amazon rainforest is the largest source of isoprene emissions to atmosphere globally.
The utility of integrated models for informing policy has been criticised due to limited stakeholder engagement, model opaqueness, inadequate transparency in assumptions, lack flexibility and communication uncertainty that, together, lead a trust outputs. We address these criticisms by presenting the ERAMMP Integrated Modelling Platform (IMP), developed support design new "business-critical" policies focused on agriculture, land-use natural resource management. demonstrate how long-term (>5...
Abstract. An atmospheric chemistry transport model (FRAME) is used here to calculate annual UK N deposition for the years 1990–2017, at a 1 km × resolution. Reactive nitrogen (N) threat that can lead adverse effects on environment and human health. In Europe, substantial reductions in from oxide emissions have been achieved recent decades. This paper quantifies following peak 1990. UK, estimates of are typically available coarse spatial resolution (typically 5 grid resolution), it often...
Atmospheric trace gas measurements can be used to independently assess national greenhouse inventories through inverse modelling. Here, atmospheric nitrous oxide (NO) made in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and Republic of Ireland are derive monthly NO emissions for 2013-2022 using two different methods. We find mean U.K. 90.5±23.0 (1 <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\sigma" display="inline"><m:mi>σ</m:mi></m:math> ) 111.7±32.1 Gg yr 2013-2022, corresponding trends...
Air pollution increases the risk of mortality and morbidity. However, limited evidence exists on very long-term associations between early life air exposure health, as well potential pathways. This study explored relationship fine particle (PM
Abstract A large number of epidemiological studies have identified air pollution as a major risk to human health. Exposures the pollutants PM 2.5 , NO 2 and O 3 cause cardiovascular respiratory diseases, cancer premature mortality. Whilst previous reported demographic inequalities in exposure, with most deprived susceptible often being disproportionately exposed highest pollutant concentrations, vast majority these quantified exposure based only on individuals’ place residence. Here we use...
Asthma has a considerable, but potentially, avoidable burden on many populations globally. Scotland some of the poorest health outcomes from asthma. Although ambient pollution, weather changes and sociodemographic factors have been associated with asthma attacks, it remains unclear whether modelled environment data geospatial information can improve population-based predictive algorithms. We aim to create afferent loop national learning system for in Scotland. will investigate associations...