A5056544632- Health disparities and outcomes
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Global Health Care Issues
- Data Quality and Management
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies
- Rural development and sustainability
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Youth Education and Societal Dynamics
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Education Systems and Policy
- Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Social Policy and Reform Studies
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
University of Edinburgh
2016-2025
University of Stirling
2024
Health Data Research UK
2019-2020
Research Network (United States)
2018
Farr Institute
2016
University of St Andrews
2005-2013
St Andrew's Healthcare
2013
University of Oxford
2003-2006
Oxford Policy Management
2003
University of Bedfordshire
1996
Indices to measure deprivation at a small-area level have been used in the United Kingdom target regeneration policy for over thirty years. The development of Deprivation 2000 England and comparable indices Northern Ireland, Wales, Scotland, involved fundamental reappraisal reconceptualisation multiple its measurement. Multiple is articulated as an accumulation discrete dimensions or ‘domains’ deprivation. This paper presents key principles that were taken into consideration when...
To determine whether government efforts in reducing inequalities health European countries have actually made a difference to mortality by socioeconomic group.Register based study.Mortality data level of education and occupational class the period 1990-2010, usually collected census linked longitudinal study design. We compared changes between lowest highest groups, calculated their effect on absolute relative (measured as rate differences ratios, respectively).All for which were available...
In many contexts, confidentiality constraints severely restrict access to unique and valuable microdata. Synthetic data which mimic the original observed preserve relationships between variables but do not contain any disclosive records are one possible solution this problem. The synthpop package for R, introduced in paper, provides routines generate synthetic versions of sets. We describe methodology its consequences characteristics. illustrate features using a survey example.
The term big data is currently a buzzword in social science, however its precise meaning ambiguous. In this paper we focus on administrative which distinctive form of data. Exciting new opportunities for science research will be afforded by resources, but these are under appreciated the community. central aim to discuss challenges associated with We emphasise that it critical researchers carefully consider how has been produced. conclude datasets have potential contribute development...
Linkage of population-based administrative data is a valuable tool for combining detailed individual-level information from different sources research. While not substitute classical studies based on primary collection, analyses linked can answer questions that require large sample sizes or hard-to-reach populations, and generate evidence with high level external validity applicability policy making. There are unique challenges in the appropriate research use data, example respect to bias...
Research in modern biomedicine and social science requires sample sizes so large that they can often only be achieved through a pooled co-analysis of data from several studies. But the pooling information individuals central database may queried by researchers raises important ethico-legal questions controversial. In UK this has been highlighted recent debate controversy relating to UK's proposed 'care.data' initiative, these issues reflect societal professional concerns about privacy,...
Summary Data holders can produce synthetic versions of data sets when concerns about potential disclosure restrict the availability original records. The paper is concerned with methods to judge whether such have a distribution that comparable data: what we term general utility. We consider how utility compares specific utility: similarity results analyses from and data. adapt previous measure utility, propensity score mean-squared error pMSE, case derive its for correct synthesis model used...
Background Research comparing mortality by socioeconomic status has found that inequalities are not the smallest in Nordic countries. This is contrast to expectations given these countries’ policy focus on equity. An alternative way of studying inequality been little used compare across welfare states and may yield a different conclusion. Methods We average life expectancy lost per death as measure total derived from rates Human Mortality Database for 37 countries 2006 we grouped state type....
Record linkage of administrative and survey data is increasingly used to generate evidence inform policy services. Although a powerful efficient way generating new information from existing sets, errors related processing before, during after can bias results. However, researchers users linked rarely have access that be assess these biases or take them into account in analyses. As are provide guide services, error, which disproportionately affects disadvantaged groups, undermine for public...
Previous studies have linked cycling with improved mental wellbeing but these tend to use cross-sectional survey data that small sample sizes and self-reported health measures, are potentially susceptible omitted-variable bias reverse causation. We an instrumental variable approach objective measure of ill-health taken from administrative ask: 'Does cycle commuting reduce the risk ill-health?'
Maternal ambient air pollution exposure is associated with reduced birthweight. Few studies have examined the effect on growth in utero and none of to particulates less than 2.5µm (PM2.5) possible modification by smoking status.Examine maternal concentrations PM10, PM2.5 nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for fetal growth, size at birth status.Administratively acquired second third trimester measurements (bi-parietal diameter, femur length abdominal circumference), outcomes (weight, crown heel...
We describe results on the creation and use of synthetic data that were derived in context a project to make extracts available for users UK Longitudinal Studies. A critical review existing methods inference from large sets is presented. introduce new variance estimates with samples completely synthesised do not require them be generated posterior predictive distribution observed can used single set. recommendations how synthesise based these results. The practical consequences are...
Rurality and distance from cancer treatment centres have been shown to negatively impact outcomes, but the mechanisms remain obscure. We analysed of travel time key healthcare facilities mainland/island residency on diagnostic pathway (treatment within 62 days referral, 31 diagnosis) 1-year mortality using a data-linkage study with 12 339 patients. After controlling for important confounders, mainland patients more than 60 min travelling their centre ((OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.25–1.61) island...
Understanding factors impacting deaths from COVID-19 is of the highest priority. Seasonal variation in environmental meteorological conditions affects incidence many infectious diseases and may also affect COVID-19. Ultraviolet (UV) A (UVA) radiation induces release cutaneous photolabile nitric oxide (NO) cardiovascular system metabolic syndrome, both risk factors. NO inhibits replication SARS-CoV2.To investigate relationship between ambient UVA deaths.COVID-19 at county level, across USA,...
Background: Air pollution has been consistently linked with dementia and cognitive decline. However, it is unclear whether risk accumulated through long-term exposure or there are sensitive/critical periods. A key barrier to clarifying this relationship the dearth of historical air data. Objective: To demonstrate feasibility modelling data using them in epidemiologicalmodels. Methods: Using EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport model, we modelled fine particulate matter (PM2.5)...
Background Multimorbidity poses major challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Definitions with cut-offs in excess of ≥2 long-term conditions (LTCs) might better capture populations complexity but are not standardised. Aim To examine variation prevalence using different definitions multimorbidity. Design and setting Cross-sectional study 1 168 620 people England. Method Comparison multimorbidity (MM) four definitions: MM2+ (≥2 LTCs), MM3+ (≥3 from 3+ LTCs ≥3 International Classification...
Background Multimorbidity prevalence rates vary considerably depending on the conditions considered in morbidity count, but there is no standardised approach to number or selection of include. Methods and findings We conducted a cross-sectional study using English primary care data for 1,168,260 participants who were all people alive permanently registered with 149 included general practices. Outcome measures estimates multimorbidity (defined as ≥2 conditions) when varying 80 conditions....