A5041762107- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Race, Genetics, and Society
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Microbial infections and disease research
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Digestive system and related health
- Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
University of Geneva
2015-2025
Museum of Indian Arts and Culture
2011
Zimmer Biomet (Switzerland)
1997-2004
Geneva College
2004
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
1994-2001
Musée de l'Homme
2000
Natural History Museum of Geneva
1994
Abstract We have updated the catalogue of common and well‐documented ( CWD ) human leukocyte antigen HLA alleles to reflect current understanding prevalence specific allele sequences. The original designated 721 at ‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐ DRB1 , DRB3 /4/5, DQA1 DQB1 DPB1 loci in IMGT (IMmunoGeneTics)/ Database release 2.15.0 as being . designates 1122 DPA1 represents 14.3% / 3.9.0. In particular, we identified 415 these ‘common’ (having known frequencies) 707 ‘well‐documented’ on basis ~140,000...
The lactase enzyme allows lactose digestion in fresh milk. Its activity strongly decreases after the weaning phase most humans, but persists at a high frequency Europe and some nomadic populations. Two hypotheses are usually proposed to explain particular distribution of persistence phenotype. gene-culture coevolution hypothesis supposes nutritional advantage pastoral calcium assimilation suggests that carriers allele(s) (LCT*P) favoured high-latitude regions, where sunshine is insufficient...
Molecular differences between HLA alleles vary up to 57 nucleotides within the peptide binding coding region of human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes, but it is still unclear whether this variation results from a stochastic process or selective constraints related functional among molecules. Although are generally treated as equidistant molecular units in population genetic studies, DNA sequence diversity populations also crucial interpret observed polymorphism. In study, we...
We report detailed peptide-binding affinities between 438 HLA Class I and II proteins complete proteomes of seven pandemic human viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses HIV-1. contrast these with allele frequencies across hundreds populations worldwide. Statistical modelling shows that classified into four distinct categories depend on the locus but type virus is only a weak predictor, except in case Among strong binders (IC50 ≤ 50), we uncovered 16 alleles (the top ones being...
This paper aims to review the contribution of genetic data prehistory and history sub-Saharan African peoples. The authors briefly paleontologic data, which give limited information about modern Homo sapiens origins isolation present gene pools. Most linguistic archaeological theories peoples' are then confronted with most informative available. Rhesus, Gm, HLA, DNA analyzed. Their frequent haplotypes compared between populations by means distances average linkage clustering. Despite...
Background A catalogue of common and well‐documented (CWD) human leukocyte antigen (HLA), previously established by the American Society for Histocompatibility Immunogenetics (ASHI), is widely used as indicator typing ambiguities to be resolved in tissue transplantation or checking universality any HLA allele world. However, European population samples, which are characterized a substantial level genetic variation, underrepresented ASHI catalogue. Therefore, Population Genetics Working Group...
HLA DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-SSO typing in a sample of the Moroccan population from Souss. Uneven allelic frequency distributions are observed at each locus, with particularly high frequencies for DRB1*0701, DRB1*0301, DQA1*0501, DQA1*0201, DQB1*0201. Only three haplotypes (DRB1*0701-DQA1*0201-DQB1*0201, DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 DRB1*11-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301) account nearly 50% total gene frequencies. A genetic distance analysis reveals that is close to...
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) loci have a complex evolution where both stochastic (e.g. genetic drift) and deterministic (natural selection) forces are involved. Owing to their extraordinary level of polymorphism, HLA genes useful markers for reconstructing human settlement history. However, variation often deviates significantly from neutral expectations towards an excess diversity. Because molecules play crucial role in immunity, this observation is generally explained by...
This study aims at investigating the HLA molecular variation across Switzerland in order to determine possible regional differences, which would be highly relevant several purposes: optimizing donor recruitment strategies hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), providing reliable reference data and disease association studies, understanding population genetic background(s) of this culturally heterogeneous country. more than 20,000 HSCT donors from 9–13 centers whole country were...
Supertypes are groups of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles which bind overlapping sets peptides due to sharing specific residues at the anchor positions—the B and F pockets—of peptide-binding region (PBR). HLA within same supertype expected be functionally similar, while those from different supertypes distinct, presenting peptides. In this study, we applied classification HLA-A HLA-B data 55 worldwide populations in order investigate effect natural selection on rather than allelic...
The Strait of Gibraltar is a crucial area in the settlement history modern humans because it represents possible connection between Africa and Europe. So far, genetic data were inconclusive about fact that this strait constitutes barrier to gene flow, as previous results highly variable depending on locus studied. present study evaluates impact region reducing flow populations from North-Western South-Western Europe, by comparing formally various loci. First, we compute several statistics...
The Mamu-A, Mamu-B, and Mamu-DRB genes of the rhesus macaque show several levels complexity such as allelic heterogeneity (polymorphism), copy number variation, differential segregation genes/alleles present on a haplotype (diversity) transcription level differences. A combination techniques was implemented to screen large panel pedigreed Indian macaques (1,384 individuals representing offspring 137 founding animals) for diversity in an efficient inexpensive manner. This approach allowed...
Objectives: HLA genes are highly polymorphic in human populations as a result of diversifying selection related to their immune function. However, geographic variation worldwide suggests that demographic factors also shaped evolution. We here analyzed detail genetic Europe order identify signatures migration history and/or natural selection. Methods: Relationships between diversity and geography were at 7 loci through several approaches including linear regression on gene haplotype...
Summary HLA‐NET (a European COST Action) aims at networking researchers working in bone marrow transplantation, epidemiology and population genetics to improve the molecular characterization of HLA genetic diversity human populations, with an expected strong impact on both public health fundamental research. Such improvements involve finding consensual strategies characterize populations samples report typings ambiguities; proposing user‐friendly access databases computer tools defining...
The main function of HLA class I molecules is to present pathogen-derived peptides cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This assumed drive the maintenance an extraordinary amount polymorphism at each locus, providing immune advantage heterozygote individuals capable larger repertories than homozygotes. seems contradictory, however, with a reduced diversity individual loci exhibited by some isolated populations. study shows that level functional predicted for two HLA-A and HLA-B genes considered...
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes play a key role in the immune response to infectious diseases, some of which are highly prevalent specific environments, like malaria sub-Saharan Africa. Former case-control studies showed that one particular HLA-B allele, B*53, was associated with protection Gambia, but this hypothesis not tested so far within population genetics framework. In study, our objective assess whether pathogen-driven selection contributed shape genetic landscape To aim, we...