The Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) is a destructive pest of maize (Zea mays L.). Despite large-scale commercial production, little known about the defensive responses field-grown to O. herbivory, and how these result in direct indirect defence against this pest. To elucidate transcriptome response feeding, leaves hybrid Jingke968 were infested with for 0, 2, 4, 12 24 h. Ostrinia feeding elicited stronger more rapid changes defence-related gene expression (i.e. after 2 h),...

Ostrinia furnacalis, is the major pest of maize causing significant yield losses. So far, many approaches have been used to increase virulence entomopathogenic fungal isolates. The current study an attempt estimate synergistic effect Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma asperellum in order explore larval immune response through RNA sequencing differentially expression analysis. In vivo synergism was examined seven proportions (B. bassiana: T. = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1) vitro case,...

Two colonies of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), artificially selected from a Bt-susceptible colony (ACB-BtS) for resistance to Cry1Ab (ACB-AbR) and Cry1Ac (ACB-AcR) toxins, were used analyze inheritance patterns Cry1 toxins. ACB-AbR ACB-AcR evolved significant levels resistance, with ratios (RR) 39-fold 78.8-fold Cry1Ac, respectively. The susceptibility larvae Cry1F which had not previously been exposed, significantly reduced, being >113-fold 48-fold, Similarly, also...

The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a highly destructive pest of cultivated maize throughout East Asia.Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystalline protein (Cry) toxins cause mortality by mechanism involving pore formation or signal transduction following toxin binding to receptors along the midgut lumen susceptible insects, but this and mutations therein that lead resistance are not fully understood.In current study, quantitative comparisons were made...

WRKY transcription factors comprise one of the largest gene families and serve as key regulators plant defenses against herbivore attack. However, studies related to roles genes in response herbivory are limited maize. In this study, a total 128 putative maize (ZmWRKYs) were identified from new genome (v4). These divided into seven subgroups (groups I, IIa-e, III) based on phylogenomic analysis, with distinct motif compositions each subgroup. Syntenic analysis revealed that 72 (56.3%)...

Abstract Gut bacteria profoundly influence the physiology and ecology of insects. They may enter hemocoel after Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin impairs midgut larvae, potentially leading to sepsis. In our study, we found that antibiotic treatment, which led a reduction in intestinal bacteria, significantly decreased susceptibility fall armyworm (FAW) larvae Vip3Aa19 protein. The 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted analyze gut microbiota associated with treatment virulence Vip3Aa19,...

The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a destructive pest insect of cultivated crops, for which antennal-expressed receptors are important to detect olfactory cues mate attraction and oviposition. Few related genes were reported in ACB, so we sequenced characterized the transcriptome male female O. antennae. Non-normalized antennal cDNA libraries on Illumina HiSeq 2000 assembled into reference transcriptome. Functional gene annotations identified putative...

Abstract Possible non-target effect of transgenic cry1Ie maize exerts on natural enemy community biodiversity in the field is unresolved. In present study, a 2-yr comparison (Event IE09S034, Bt maize) and its near isoline (Zong 31, non-Bt were compared with whole plant inspections, pitfall traps suction sampler. Natural diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener’, Simpson’s Pielou’s index) abundance suggested there no significant differences between two types maize. The only exceptions index for...

Biocontrol strategies are the best possible and eco-friendly solution to develop resistance against O furnacalis improve maize yield. However, knowledge about underlying molecular mechanisms, metabolic shifts, hormonal signaling is limited.Here, we used an axenic a consortium of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana OFDH1-5 pathogen-antagonistic Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 in observed that applications resulted higher chlorophyll contents antioxidants activities [superoxide dismutase...

Abstract Background Seed Myco-priming based on consortium of entomopathogenic fungi is very effective seed treatment against Ostrinia furnacalis herbivory. Maize regulates defense responses herbivory by the production defense-related enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, phytohormones, their corresponding genes. Jasmonic acid (JA) plays a key role in plant-entomopathogenic fungi-herbivore interaction. Results To understand how Beauveria bassiana Trichoderma asperellum induce changes...

Bacterial symbionts associated with aphids are important for their ecological fitness. The corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), is one of the most damaging aphid pests on maize and has been reported to harbor Hamiltonella defensa Regiella insecticola while effects secondary (S-symbionts) host ecology primary symbiont Buchnera aphidicola remain unclear. Here, four strains were established, two which collected from Langfang - Hebei Province, China, similar pattern except presence H....

Various diseases such as lining defects, structural cracking, and water leakage are common in tunnel operation. Therefore, this paper considers the research object of highway with typical namely voids behind lining. The stress distribution crack void were analyzed by numerical simulation based on XFEM, cracking mode was studied model test. According to results:(1) change characteristics lining, structure within is stretched, significantly reducing overall safety structure. Equation(2)(2)...

Highway subgrade bears millions of traffic loads over the years, and its strength, stiffness, long-term stability gradually decline. In this paper, dynamic triaxial tests were carried out to study time evolution spatial distribution strain pore pressure highway-subgrade soil under action load. The influence load on deformation was analyzed. Furthermore, a numerical-calculation model established. characteristics driving main conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) With increase in loading...

Plants damaged by herbivorous insects often respond mounting a series of defense responses that can inhibit the insect's fitness. Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is major insect pest in maize throughout much Asia, Australia, and western Pacific islands. We examined effects O. furnacalis-induced defenses on fitness, explained from biochemical changes occur leaves response to feeding. The results age-stage, two-sex life table showed significantly longer larval pupal...

A Bt corn hybrid (AcIe) with two genes (cry1Ie and cry1Ac) was derived by breeding stack from line expressing Cry1Ie a Cry1Ac. Efficacy of this pyramided against the Asian borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis, evaluated. We conducted laboratory bioassays using susceptible resistant ACB strains fed on artificial diet or fresh plant tissues. also field trials infestations neonates at V6 silk stages. The toxin-diet bioassay data indicated that mixtures Cry1Ac proteins had synergistic insecticidal...

Abstract Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) as the short‐chain prenyltransferases for catalyzing formation of acyclic precursor ( E )‐GGPP has been extensively investigated in mammals, plants, and microbes, but its functional plasticity is poorly understood insect species. Here, a single GGPPS leaf beetle Monolepta hieroglyphica , MhieGGPPS, was functionally investigated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MhieGGPPS clustered one clade with homologs had six conserved motifs....

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is one of the most important insect pests affecting corn crops worldwide. Although planting transgenic expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins has been approved as being effective against FAW, its populations’ resistance to Bt emerged in different locations around world. Therefore, it understand interaction between proteins, thereby delaying development resistance. In this study, we performed diet-overlay bioassays evaluate...