As large language models (LLMs) gain popularity among speakers of diverse languages, we believe that it is crucial to benchmark them better understand model behaviors, failures, and limitations in languages beyond English. In this work, evaluate LLM APIs (ChatGPT, GPT-3, GPT-4) on the Japanese national medical licensing examinations from past five years, including current year. Our team comprises native Japanese-speaking NLP researchers a practicing cardiologist based Japan. experiments show...

Aim Frailty is defined as the degradation of physical and cognitive function in older adults. The relationship between frailty disease activity patients with rheumatoid arthritis unclear. Factors related to Japanese were investigated a cross‐sectional analysis. Methods Of 100 who entered prospective, observational Correlation research sarcopenia, skeletal muscle (CHIKARA) study, 95 completed check list (maximal score 25), classified frail (8–25 points), pre‐frail (4–7 points) normal (0–3...

Abstract Aim Patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) show lower muscle mass and a higher prevalence of sarcopenia than healthy individuals. Correlations between disease activity, physical function, laboratory data body composition at baseline were investigated in prospective, observational study CHIKARA study) patients. Methods Body was measured using bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Parameters compared non‐sarcopenia groups, correlations Disease Activity Score 28 joints – erythrocyte...

To investigate factors associated with decreased corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) after trabeculectomy mitomycin C (MMC).Retrospective review of consecutive glaucoma cases who underwent MMC. The types included were primary open-angle glaucoma, exfoliation (XFG), neovascular and uveitic (UG). postoperative ECD changes compared the preoperative risk for decrease analyzed using mixed-effects models.In total, 162 eyes 136 patients in this study. Postoperative measurements performed 3.7±1.8...

Fine-tuning reinforcement learning (RL) models has been challenging because of a lack large scale off-the-shelf datasets as well high variance in transferability among different environments. Recent work looked at tackling offline RL from the perspective sequence modeling with improved results result introduction Transformer architecture. However, when model is trained scratch, it suffers slow convergence speeds. In this paper, we look to take advantage formulation and investigate...

Summary— Urinary frequency is a common complaint in the elderly and can be due to many different causes. To clarify aetiology of frequency, patient‐maintained frequency‐volume charts were evaluated as diagnostic tool. We studied 215 patients who complained frequency. They divided into 2 groups based on age: 85 over 65 years age (elderly group) 130 less than 64 old (adult group). Compared with adults, had smaller urinary volume during waking hours larger sleeping hours, more frequent episodes...

Objective To investigate the surgical results of endoscopic trigonoplasty in patients with primary vesico‐ureteric reflux. Patients and methods Records were reviewed for 12 who underwent between February 1992 1994. Of patients, 11 female; one was a child nine had unilateral disease. From 15 renoureteric units, grade I reflux demonstrated five, II six III four. The ureteric orifices approximated close to midline via urethral route two trocars on abdomen achieved pneumobladder. Results mean...

This study assesses two-year efficacy and safety following implantation of a single trabecular micro-bypass stent (iStent®) with concomitant phacoemulsification cataract surgery in Japanese patients open-angle glaucoma (OAG).This retrospective, consecutive case series included eyes that underwent iStent were followed for 24 months postoperative. Efficacy measures intraocular pressure (IOP), number medications, adverse events, secondary surgeries, visual fields, endothelial cell counts.Of 73...

To investigate the effect of trabeculectomy on waveform changes laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in optic nerve head (ONH) patients with glaucoma.Forty-eight eyes 48 open angle glaucoma were included this prospective study. LSFG was performed before and 1, 3, 6 months after trabeculectomy. Longitudinal average mean blur rate (MBR), blow out score (BOS), resistivity index (RI), falling rate, skew, acceleration time index, tissue area ONH analyzed by using mixed-effects models.Intraocular...

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a higher risk of falls and fractures due to muscle weakness painful joints the lower extremities. Evaluation functions is important predict fractures. The aim was investigate relationships in RA patients.Stand-up power, speed, stabilizing time were evaluated by function analyzer 90 patients CHIKARA study (UMIN000023744). falls, fractures, body composition, Disease Activity Score 28 - erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), modified Health...

Background and aims Brazilian propolis reportedly contributed to suppressing disease activity in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), suggesting new treatment options using propolis. However, only results from animal experiments have been available, the suppressive effects on humans with RA remain unknown. The purpose this study was clinically validate how intake changes patients. Methods This conducted as multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group 80...

Sarcopenia is relatively common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Thicknesses of the quadriceps muscle and fat are easily measured by ultrasound (US) known to be related skeletal mass mass, respectively.Eighty-four patients enrolled prospective correlation research sarcopenia, muscle, disease activity study (UMIN000023744) underwent US examinations anterior thigh thickness (MT) (FT). Muscle body (BF) were also examined a composition analyzer. Whether MT FT sarcopenia obesity was...

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable capabilities across a variety of tasks. Despite the only seeing text in training, several recent studies suggest that LLM representations implicitly capture aspects underlying grounded concepts. Here, we explore particularly salient kind knowledge -- spatial relationships. We design natural-language navigation tasks and evaluate ability LLMs, particular GPT-3.5-turbo, GPT-4, Llama2 series models, to represent reason about structures. These reveal...

Reactive sulfur species (RSS) have emerged as key regulators of protein quality control. However, the mechanisms by which RSS contribute to cellular processes are not fully understood. In this study, we identified a novel function in preventing parthanatos, nonapoptotic form cell death that is induced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and mediated aggresome-like structures (ALIS) composed SQSTM1/p62. We found sodium tetrasulfide (Na2S4), donor RSS, strongly suppressed oxidative stress-dependent...

Abstract Hand‐washing urinary incontinence is involuntary urine loss in response to washing hands, hearing the sound of running water, or exposing oneself cold wind winter season. The prevalence this relation stress and urge was studied healthy community‐dwelling subjects 1,636 females 3,010 males. afflication rate both genders 3% for those their 50s younger 16% 60s older, which significantly different (P < 0.01). Females (10%) suffered more from compared males (5%) approximately same as...

Objective To evaluate prospectively the short‐and long‐term results of treatment with vaginal cones for women urinary stress incontinence and to assess predictive parameters. Patients methods Fifty (mean age 49 years, range 28–76) differing severities parity 2.4 mean 60‐min pad‐test 20.7 g) were treated 15 min twice a day 8 weeks. Treatment evaluated immediately after at 3 years treatment. Parameters analysed determine those value successful outcome. Results Physiotherapy was assessed as...

Sea urchins are model non‐chordate deuterostomes, and studying the nervous system of their embryos can aid in understanding universal mechanisms neurogenesis. However, despite long history sea urchin embryology research, molecular neurogenesis have not been well investigated, part because neurons appear relatively late during embryogenesis. In this study, we used species Temnopleurus reevesii as a new investigated detail its development early We found that T. were tolerant high temperatures...

Osteosarcopenia is defined as osteoporosis with sarcopenia. The impacts of osteosarcopenia on falls and fractures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were investigated using 4 years data from a longitudinal study (CHIKARA study).The divided into groups by their baseline status: no sarcopenia (SP-OP-); only (SP + OP-); (SP-OP+); both OP+). Survival rates Cox hazard ratios analyzed endpoints, adjusted age, sex, body mass index.A total 100 RA (SP-OP-: 44%, SP OP-: 17%, SP-OP+: 28%, OP+: 11%)...