We here describe the location of anisakid third stage larvae in Atlantic herring Clupea harengus L. caught North Sea August 2023. further demonstrate how industrial processing (mechanical gutting, removal entrails, head, tail, hypaxial anterior musculature and vertebral column) reduces overall infection worm load musculature. The isolated were identified as Anisakis simplex sensu stricto by a combination morphometrics molecular methods (PCR rDNA mtDNA, sequencing, BLAST analysis). As...

A significant increase in the infection level of Baltic cod Gadus morhua with anisakid nematode larvae Contracaecum osculatum and Pseudoterranova decipiens has been recorded during recent years due to expanding local population grey seals Halichoerus grypus, which act as final hosts for these parasites. Here, we report from an investigation 368 (total length [TL] 6-49 cm; caught ICES Subdivision 25) that juvenile (TL 6-30 cm) C. P. is absent or very low, whereas it increases drastically...

Abstract CK11 is a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) CC chemokine phylogenetically related to both mammalian CCL27 and CCL28 chemokines, strongly transcribed in skin gills homeostasis, for which an immune role had not been reported date. In the current study, we have demonstrated that chemotactic unstimulated leukocyte populations from central organs or mucosal tissues but instead exerts potent antimicrobial activity against wide range of pathogens. Our results show inhibits growth...

Abstract Background Digenean trematodes are parasitic platyhelminths that use several hosts in their life cycles and thereby embedded various ecosystems affected by local environmental conditions. Their presence a habitat will reflect the of different host species and, as such, they can serve ecological indicators. Only limited information on occurrence link to other trophic levels Danish freshwater is currently available.Therefore, main aim present study was increase our knowledge this...

Infection of rainbow trout with the parasitic ciliate Ichthyopthirius multifiliis induces differential responses in gills, skin and spleen. A controlled experimental infection was performed expression immune-relevant genes skin, spleen were recorded by qPCR at day 1 8 after parasite exposure. induced a marked reaction involving regulation innate adaptive immune post-infection. The level total 22 out 24 investigated significantly higher gills compared to reflecting more sensitive delicate...

Trichuris suis and T. trichiura are two different whipworm species that infect pigs humans, respectively. is found in worldwide while responsible for nearly 460 million infections people, mainly areas of poor sanitation tropical subtropical areas. The evolutionary relationship the historical factors this distribution poorly understood. In study, we aimed to reconstruct demographic history humans pigs, origin these hosts parasite dispersal globally. Parts mitochondrial nad1 rrnL genes were...

Abstract The protective effect in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) of an experimental subunit vaccine targeting antigens the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis has been evaluated and compared to effects elicited by a classical homogenate vaccine. Three recombinant proteins (two produced E. coli one insect cells) were combined injected i.p., subsequently, protection antibody responses analysed. Both benchmark induced partial but significant against I. when control fish. Specific...

Swimmer's itch, or cercarial dermatitis, is a waterborne non-communicable skin condition caused by schistosome cercariae released aquatic snails. Cercarial dermatitis appears worldwide, but may be different trematode species. The itchy maculopapular rash develops on exposed areas of the and typically resolves within 1–3 weeks. Shedding infective larvae from snails temperature dependent, high temperatures sunshine increase risk encountering parasite becoming infected. unusually warm spring...

Abstract A bacterial biosurfactant isolated from Pseudomonas (strain H6) has previously been shown to have a lethal effect on the oomycete Saprolegnia diclina infecting fish eggs. The present work demonstrates that same strong in vitro antiparasitic pathogenic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis . Three life cycle stages (the infective theront stage, tomont and tomocyst containing tomites) were all susceptible surfactant. Theronts most sensitive showing 100% mortality as low concentrations...

Abstract Gill parasitic infections challenge farming of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in freshwater facilities. Apart from flagellates Ichthyobodo, (Pinto) and ciliates Ichthyophthirius (Fouquet) , Ambiphrya (Raabe), Apiosoma (Blanchard), Trichodinella (Sramek‐Husek) Trichodina (Ehrenberg)), we have shown that amoebae are prevalent Danish farms. Gills were isolated farmed six fish farms (conventional organic earth pond recirculated systems) placed on non‐nutrient agar (NNA)...

Abstract Background Cercarial dermatitis (swimmer’s itch) caused by bird schistosome cercariae, released from intermediate host snails, is a common disorder also at higher latitudes. Several cases were observed in the artificial Danish freshwater Ringen Lake frequently used public for recreational purposes. The lake may serve as model system when establishing risk analysis this zoonotic disease. In order to explain high periods we determined infection levels of snails early spring late...

Teleosts are able to raise a protective immune response, comprising both innate and adaptive elements, against various pathogens. This is the basis for widespread use of vaccines, administered as injection or immersion, in aquaculture industry. It has been described that repeated vaccination fish raises secondary consisting rapid, accelerated increased antibody reaction. study reports how rainbow trout responds immersion yersiniosis (ERM) caused by bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. was...

Eye flukes in fish are common freshwater lakes. Fish become infected by the penetration of cercariae released from snails, and high infection pressures may be associated with mortalities a Danish lake. Examination two other lakes, combined laboratory study, supported notion. We investigated 77 lakes level suggested occurrence cercarial pressure Dominant genera were Tylodelphys Diplostomum covering range species identified PCR sequencing 18S (partial)-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S (partial) rDNA....

Abstract Due to the increased prevalence of human infections with bird schistosome larvae (cercarial dermatitis) associated bathing in Danish lakes, a nationwide survey infected intermediate host snails was conducted 2018–2020. Pulmonate (10,225 specimens) were collected from 39 freshwater lakes (in four major geographic regions Denmark) and subjected shedding. Released cercariae isolated identified by polymerase chain reaction sequencing whereby Trichobilharzia regenti , franki szidati...

Several biocides are widely used in rainbow trout aquaculture against various ectoparasites and ectobionts, but the inflammation induced treated fish is less well described. Dose-response studies were conducted to elucidate effects on (gills fins) by a series of including formalin, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O ), peracetic acid (PAA) surfactant SPH6, which was isolated from bacterium Pseudomonas H6. The compounds have documented antiparasitic effects, specific needs further documentation. This...

A parasitological investigation of Danish farmed freshwater (180 fish) and marine rainbow trout (170 fish), Oncorhynchus mykiss, was performed with an emphasis on the occurrence zoonotic parasites. Reliability methods applied assessed by examining fish from a stock wild Atlantic cod Gadus morhua caught in Sound (Øresund). While carried number parasites, we found that fish, both fresh environment, were free these Non-zoonotic parasites eye-flukes Diplostomum paracaudum, D. pseudospathaceum...