Background The citrus red mite is a worldwide pest and common sensitizing allergen of asthma rhinitis. It has developed strong resistance to many registered acaricides, However, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. we therefore used next generation sequencing technology investigate global transcriptomes between resistant strains susceptible strains. Results We obtained 34,159, 30,466 32,217 unigenes by assembling SS reads, RS reads SS&RS respectively. There are total 17,581 annotated...

The objective of this study was to examine rates depression among migrant children (MC) and left-behind (LBC) as compared non-left-behind (NLBC) also the relationship between these quality their parent-child teacher-child relationships. This collected data from a large sample 3,759 aged 8 17 years, including 824 who had been left behind by one parent (LBCO), 423 both parents (LBCB), 568 MC 1944 NLBC. Children’s Depression Inventory–Short Form used measure child depression. Parent-Child...

Cyetpyrafen is a recently developed acaricide. The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), has significant resistance to cyetpyrafen. However, the molecular mechanism underlying cyetpyrafen in P. remains unclear. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play critical role arthropod pesticide resistance. This study showed that GSTs were potentially related of through synergistic experiments and enzyme activity analysis. An omega-family GST gene, PcGSTO1, was significantly up-regulated egg,...

The vitellogenin receptor (VgR) functions as an essential component in uptaking and transporting (Vg) female adults, which is involved ovary development oviposition. This study aimed to clarify the molecular characteristics function of VgR oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Here, we identified full-length BdVgR (GenBank Accession No. JX469118), encoding a 1925 residue (aa) protein with 214.72 kDa mass several typical motifs low-density lipoprotein superfamily (LDLR). Phylogenic...

Cyetpyrafen is a newly developed acaricide. The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), an important pest that has resistance to cyetpyrafen. Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have been widely reported be associated with multiple acaricides. However, it rarely documented UGT genes participate in cyetpyrafen P. citri. In this study, significantly upregulated gene, PcUGT201E1, was identified using transcriptome analysis. Expression of PcUGT201E1 at all stages the...

Abstract Metalens has shown its significantly ultra-light and ultra-thin features. However, large-aperture achromatic metalens is constrained by both maximum dispersion range computational memory. Here, we propose a fully device optimizing framework that engineers phase amplitude transmittance to create centimeter-size operating in long-wave infrared regime (8–12 μm). Via wrapping group delay within defined of desired wavelengths, chromatic aberrations can be effectively corrected. We verify...

Spirodiclofen is one of the most widely used acaricides in China. The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), destructive pests worldwide and has developed a high resistance to spirodiclofen. However, molecular mechanism spirodiclofen P. still unknown. In this study, we identified field spirodiclofen-resistant strain (DL-SC) that showed 712-fold by egg bioassay compared susceptible strain. Target-site was not detected as non-synonymous mutations were found...

Abstract Diaphorina citri is a global citrus pest. As vector insect, it can transmit the causative agents of huanglongbing, causing irreversible losses to industry. The acquisition genomic information provide molecular genetic basis for effective control D. . Here, DNBSEQ ™ , Oxford Nanopore Technologies, and Hi‐C technologies are applied generate high‐quality chromosome‐level genome size was 523.78 Mb with scaffold N50 47.05 distributed on 13 chromosomes. A total 250.64 (47.85%) repeat...

Overexpression of carboxyl/cholinesterase (CCE) genes has been reported to be associated with many cases pesticide resistance in arthropods. However, it rarely documented that CCE participate spirodiclofen Panonychus citri. In previous research, we found is related increased P450 and enzyme activities P. this study, identified two genes, PcCCE3 PcCCE5, which were significantly upregulated spirodiclofen-resistant strain after exposure spirodiclofen. RNA interference PcCCE5 the susceptibility...

ABSTRACT Susceptibility and carboxylesterase (CarE) activity to four selected acaricides (amitraz, propargite, azocyclotin, diafenthiuron) were assayed for five field populations of Panonychus citri (McGregor). Mite collected from Beibei, Zhongxian, Wanzhou, Changshou counties Chongqing municipality, Nanchong county, Sichuan province, southwestern China, respectively. Among acaricides, all but Beibei seemed be most sensitive azocyclotin though the last population appeared least susceptible...

Changes in susceptibility and esterase activity were measured the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), which was repeatedly exposed to phoxim, an organophosphorus acaricide, for 15 repeated treatments as potential selection at 50% lethal concentration. A reference or non‐selected strain (SS) not any acaricides throughout experiments. After phoxim events, resistance ratio increased 18.6‐fold this considered resistant named Ph‐R. The specific of carboxylesterase (CarE)...

Several fenpropathrin-resistant predatory mites have been reported. However, the molecular mechanism of resistance remains unknown. In present study, Neoseiulus barkeri (N. barkeri) transcriptome was generated using Illumina sequencing platform, 34,211 unigenes were obtained, and 15,987 manually annotated. After manual annotation, attentions attracted to resistance-related genes, such as voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), cytochrome P450s (P450s), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). A...

Huanglongbing (HLB), the most prevalent citrus disease worldwide, is responsible for substantial yield and economic losses. Phytobiomes, which have critical effects on plant health, are associated with HLB outcomes. The development of a refined model predicting outbreaks based phytobiome markers may facilitate early detection, thus enabling growers to minimize damages. Although some investigations focused differences in phytobiomes HLB-infected plants healthy ones, individual studies...

Amitraz is a broad-spectrum insecticide/acaricide for the control of aphids, psyllids, ticks and mites. Current evidence suggests that phytophagous mites have developed strong resistance to amitraz. Previous studies shown multiple mechanisms are associated with amitraz in ticks, but very few reports involved Panonychus citri. We therefore used whole genome sequencing bulked segregant analysis (BSA) identify mechanism underlying P. citri's amitraz.High-quality assembly citri was completed,...

Dialeurodes citri is a major pest in citrus producing areas, and large-scale outbreaks have occurred increasingly often recent years. Lecanicillium attenuatum an important entomopathogenic fungus that can parasitize kill D. citri. We separated the from corpses of larvae. However, sound immune defense system pests makes infection by difficult. Here we used RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) to build transcriptome database for performed digital gene expression profiling screen genes act...

Insecticide susceptibility is mainly determined by the insect host, but symbiotic bacteria are also an important affecting factor. In this study, we investigate relationship between structure of gut bacterial symbionts and insecticide in

The Chinese citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax is one of the most economically important and aggressive pests threatening industry. In order to provide some recommendations for improvement integrated pest management this species, authors evaluated toxicity 6 insecticides on second stage larvae, fourth adult flies from multiple geographical B. populations. addition, influences each pesticide pupation emergence were examined population, Hanzhong. reagents displayed a wide range various stages...

A stable reference gene is a key prerequisite for accurate assessment of expression. At present, the real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction has been widely used in analysis expression variety organisms. Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) major predator mites on many important economically crops. Until now, however, there are no reports evaluating stability genes this species. In view this, we GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder software...

Dialeurodes citri is an important pest in citrus-producing areas of the world. Lecanicillium attenuatum parasitizes D. and kills it, suggesting a potential approach for biological control pests. However, low virulence fungus its slow rate killing have limited commercial competitiveness. The objective reason these disadvantages immunological rejection by host. Our strategy was to use fungi express double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) host immune genes. fungal hyphae release siRNA at time infection,...

Panonychus citri McGregor (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), the widely distributed citrus red mite, has developed resistance to most registered acaricides. Adaptation of arthropods extreme environmental conditions been related increased expression their heat shock proteins (HSPs). The objectives this study were explore relationship between HSPs and acaricide abamectin adaptation high temperatures. full-length cDNA HSP90 gene was cloned from an abamectin-sensitive strain citri. This consisted...

Panonychus citri (McGregor) is the most common pest in citrus-producing regions. Special low-toxicity acaricides, such as spirocyclic tetronic acids and mite growth inhibitors, have been used for a long time China. However, pesticide resistance mites growing problem due to lack of new acaricide development. Wide-spectrum insecticides, amitraz gained acceptance among fruit growers. An amitraz-resistant strain P. was obtained by indoor screening examine field monitoring acaricides explore...