Stem cells give rise to differentiated cell types but also preserve their undifferentiated state through self-renewal. With the use of transgenic mice, we found that RNA-binding protein NANOS2 is essential for maintaining spermatogonial stem cells. Lineage-tracing analyses revealed spermatogonia expressing Nanos2 self-renew and generate entire spermatogenic lineage. Conditional disruption postnatal depleted reserves, whereas mouse testes in which had been overexpressed accumulated with...

In mouse fetal gonads, retinoic acid (RA) induces meiosis in the female germ cells, whereas male cells never enter due to Cyp26b1-mediated RA metabolism. We show here that Nanos2 plays critical roles differentiation of cells. find maintains suppression by preventing Stra8 expression, which is required for premeiotic DNA replication, after Cyp26b1 decreased. also demonstrate activates a male-specific genetic program, supported inhibition and induction male-type following forced expression Nanos2.

Nanos is one of the evolutionarily conserved proteins implicated in germ cell development. We have previously shown that NANOS2 plays an important role both maintenance and sexual development cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these events remained elusive. In our present study, we found localizes to P-bodies, known centers RNA degradation are abundantly accumulated male gonocytes. further identified by immunoprecipitation components CCR4-NOT deadenylation complex...

The mouse Nanos proteins, Nanos2 and Nanos3, are required for germ cell development share a highly conserved zinc-finger domain. expression patterns of these factors during development, however, differ from each other. Nanos3 in the embryo commences primordial cells (PGCs) just after their formation, loss this protein results cell-less phenotype both sexes. By contrast, begins only male PGCs entry into genital ridge deficiency, irrespective co-expression cells. These indicate that two...

Abstract A simple method to obtain a physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel is reported. In this technique, the PVA solution in pure water was simply cast at room temperature without using any additional chemical. The gelation proceeded during dehydration after casting into mold. After completion of gelation, swelling ratio gel its equilibrium measured whenever solvent repeatedly exchanged. weight gradually decreased due elution non‐crosslinked polymers solvent, and became...

An efficient scintillator has been developed as a solid‐state detector for x‐ray computed tomography. Doping with halogen ions improved the emission efficiency by 30% and doping Ce reduces afterglow caused traps in host, . Hot isostatic pressing of this material powder form trace sintering aid, resulted translucent ceramic scintillator.

Nanos is one of the evolutionarily conserved proteins implicated in germ cell development and we have previously shown that it interacts with CCR4-NOT deadenylation complex leading to suppression specific RNAs. However, molecular mechanism physiological significance this interaction remained elusive. In our present study, identify CNOT1, a component complex, as direct factor mediating NANOS2. We find first 10 amino acids (AAs) NANOS2 are required for binding. further observe mutant lacking...

Poly(vinyl alcohol) cast gels (PVA gels) were prepared at different gelation temperatures, Tgel, and the swelling ratio mechanical properties characterized by equilibrium weight measurement, a uniaxial loading test, tearing force cyclic compression test room temperature. The results showed that decreased both breaking stress energy increased with an increase in Tgel. deformation of 50% reduction its original size monotonically, while hysteresis loss was not affected To understand these...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTpH-Dependent membrane fusion and vesiculation of phospholipid large unilamellar vesicles induced by amphiphilic anionic cationic peptidesMasayuki Murata, Sho Takahashi, Satoshi Kagiwada, Atsushi Suzuki, Shunichi OhnishiCite this: Biochemistry 1992, 31, 7, 1986–1992Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOsmoelastic coupling in biological structures: formation of parallel bundles actin filaments a crystalline-like structure caused by osmotic stressAtsushi Suzuki, Masahito Yamazaki, and Tadanao ItoCite this: Biochemistry 1989, 28, 15, 6513–6518Publication Date (Print):July 25, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 25 July...

Diameter decrement by the repeated exchange of solvent water has been reported in a polyelectrolyte hydrogel ionized sodium acrylate its swollen state. This behavior attributed to counterions carboxyl groups and formation hydrogen bonding. In this paper, destruction bonding poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) (NIPA/SA) gel were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (ATR) at 25 °C. Several samples different swelling ratios...

In healthy natural synovial joints, the extremely low friction and minimum wear are maintained by their superior load-carrying capacity lubricating ability. This performance appears to be actualized not single lubrication mode but synergistic combination of multimode mechanisms such as fluid film, biphasic, hydration, gel film and/or boundary lubrication. On contrary, in most artificial joints composed ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene against metal or ceramic-mating material, mixed...

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel with high water content is the candidate material for artificial cartilage. PVA hydrogels prepared by freeze-thawing (FT) method (PVA-FT gel), cast-drying (CD) (PVA-CD gel) and hybrid of FT CD (PVA-hybrid were developed their friction wear behaviors evaluated. Sliding pairs a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy or alumina ceramic ball plate tested in reciprocating test. Ultra-pure simulated synovial fluid used as lubricants PVA-FT gel showed severe ultra-pure...

The surface roughness of polymer gels was investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). spongelike domains on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) were directly observed in water. It found that the domain structure strongly affected not only degree homogeneities networks but also bulk phase transition response to change external temperature. size homogeneous prepared at ice temperature be much smaller than inhomogeneous a above cloud point NIPA polymers. reproducibly exactly same...

Abstract We report the swelling behavior of chemically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gels with different degrees hydrolysis in water, several organic solvents, and their mixed solvents. The were dried after gelation put into respective gel volume pure water decreased increasing temperatures, total changes increased decreasing hydrolysis. ratio depends on solvent its concentration. In cases solvents methanol–water, ethanol–water, acetone–water, shrank continuously concentrations reached...

ABSTRACT NANOS2 and NANOS3 belong to the Nanos family of proteins that contain a conserved zinc finger domain, which consists two consecutive CCHC-type motifs, contribute germ cell development in mice. Previous studies indicate there are redundant distinct functions these proteins. rescues maintenance primordial cells, whereas fails replace male pathway. However, lack conditional allele Nanos3 has hampered delineation each contribution In addition, molecular mechanism underlying remains...

An impressive enhancement of cathodoluminescence was achieved in coaxial GaInN/GaN multiple-quantum-shells nanowires by employing an AlGaN undershell for trapping point defects.