Subcutaneous implantation of a 75-mg tablet morphine base in the back mouse results measurable tolerance and physical dependence within 12 to 24 hr. The rate degree development can be quantified by determining median analgetic dose ( AD5O ) inhibit tail-flick response thermal stimulus. doubles after 1 day, 3 days generally increases 4- 7-fold. Removal time-dependent withdrawal syndrome which is characterized strikingly an uncontrollable urge jump. maximal 4 10 hr abrupt percentage animals...

To date, no study has evaluated the diversity of TH cell cytokine patterns patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) among centers in different continents using identical methods.We sought to assess profiles CRS from Europe, Asia, and Australia.Patients nasal polyps (CRSwNP) without (CRSsNP; n = 435) control subjects (n 138) were recruited Adelaide, Benelux, Berlin, Beijing, Chengdu, Tochigi. Nasal mucosal concentrations TH2, TH17, TH1 cytokines; eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP);...

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains a challenging clinical entity its propensity for recurrence. Tissue eosinophilia is hallmark of CRSwNP, and role in polyp recurrence subject much investigation. Objective The aim this study was to evaluate the association between parameters, especially tissue recurrence, identify optimal cutoff value as predictor Chinese subjects. Methods Overall, 387 patients CRSwNP were enrolled retrospective analysis postoperative...

Abstract Chronic debilitating pruritus is a cardinal feature of atopic dermatitis (AD). Little known about the underlying mechanisms. Antihistamines lack efficacy in treating itch AD, suggesting existence histamine-independent pathways AD. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) essential signaling that promote itch. In this study, we tested hypothesis TRPA1-dependent neural play key role chronic AD using an IL-13–transgenic mouse model these mice, IL-13 causes characterized by...

Abstract Increased expression of Th22 cytokine IL-22 is a characteristic finding in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the specific role pathogenesis AD vivo has yet to be elucidated. Consistent with observations human AD, was significantly increased skin mice after epicutaneous sensitization house dust mite allergen. Utilizing skin-specific inducible transgenic system, we show present study that caused an AD-like phenotype characterized by chronic pruritic associated Th2-biased local and...

The effect of air pollution-related particulate matter (PM) on epithelial barrier function and tight junction (TJ) expression in human nasal mucosa has not been studied to date. This study therefore aimed assess the direct impact PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μ (PM2.5) TJ molecular cells.Air-liquid interface cultures were established cells derived from noninflammatory mucosal tissue collected patients undergoing paranasal sinus surgery. Confluent exposed 50 or 100 μg/mL PM2.5...

Defining the phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) prognosis may lead to delivery personalized treatment. This study aimed identify cellular CRSwNP using cluster analysis and define an algorithm for different clusters associated polyp recurrence.Overall, 366 patients were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Eighteen variables, including clinical characteristics tissue/peripheral inflammatory cells assessments, selected factor Unsupervised was performed after...

There is little evidence on the efficacy of glucocorticoid transnasal nebulization therapy in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis nasal polyps (CRSwNP).We sought to evaluate immunologic and remodeling effects budesonide CRSwNP.Sixty CRSwNP were randomized receive or placebo treatment for 14 days by means a double-blind manner. Endoscopic polyp size scores (maximum = 6 points, Kennedy score) visual analog scale symptoms assessed before after treatment. Similarly, samples...

Long-term outcomes of different endoscopic sinus surgery in recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with

Optimization of skin prick test (SPT) panels, especially in view significant differences sensitizations patterns within different geographical areas, is an unmet need China. Our aim was to assess the and clinical relevance aeroallergen allergic rhinitis (AR) define minimal battery SPT allergens, classified according Köppen-Geiger climate map. Overall, 7148 subjects with self-reported AR completed a standard questionnaire were assessed for sensitization relevant allergens by SPT. 6340 (88.7%)...

Background Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eCRSwNP), characterized by eosinophil‐predominant inflammation in mucosa, is a subject of much investigation. However, no satisfactory atraumatic clinical parameter has been established to date for prediagnosis this condition. The aim study was therefore compare the use computed tomography (CT) scans other parameters eCRSwNP. Methods This prospective cohort, single‐institution study. Two hundred consecutive CRSwNP patients...

Background: Defining the phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) prognosis may lead to delivery personalized treatment.This study aimed identify cellular CRSwNP using cluster analysis and define an algorithm for different clusters associated polyp recurrence.Methods: Overall, 366 patients were enrolled in this retrospective analysis.Eighteen variables, including clinical characteristics tissue/peripheral inflammatory cells assessments, selected factor...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Short message service (SMS) has been suggested as an effective method to improve adherence medical therapy in some chronic diseases. However, data on the effects of SMS interventions allergic rhinitis (AR) treatment is limited at present. We aimed assess whether a daily reminder could AR patients' medication and outcomes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fifty outpatients with were randomized either receive (SMS group) or not...

Background Precise localization and excision of the originating site a sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is essential for decreasing tumor recurrence. In this study we evaluated use preoperative computed tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to pinpoint attachment/originating sites SNIPs in 143 patients. Methods Osteitis signs CTs convoluted cerebriform pattern (CCP)–based reverse tracings from MRIs SNIP patients were analyzed preoperatively predict SNIPs. The predicted compared...

Artemisia annua is an important autumnal pollen allergen for seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) in northern China. To date, no study has investigated immunotherapy with A annua. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms underlying annua-sublingual (SLIT).This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial involving 71 SAR patients, randomized SLIT extract (n = 47) or placebo 24) 32 weeks. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS; primary end point) evaluated at...

Abstract Background House dust mite (HDM) is the leading allergen for allergic rhinitis (AR). Although sensitisation by inhaled allergens renders susceptible individuals prone to developing AR, molecular mechanisms driving this process remain incompletely elucidated. Objective This study aimed elucidate underlying HDM‐induced AR. Methods We examined expression of cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2), STING and NLRP3 inflammasome in both AR patients mice. Additionally, we...