Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor was characterized recently from extracts of rat stomach. We describe enteric distribution ghrelin, ontogeny stomach ghrelin gene expression, effects dietary and endocrine manipulations, vagotomy on mRNA peptide levels secretion in rat. Ghrelin expression examined by Northern blotting. Tissue plasma were measured RIA. A gradient production occurs gastrointestinal tract with highest mucosal layer stomach-fundus lowest colon. not...

Apelin is a recently discovered peptide that the endogenous ligand for APJ receptor. The aim of this study was to characterize apelin expression (mRNA levels) in rat gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, localize distribution peptide-containing cells stomach by immunohistochemistry, ontogeny gastric influence on cell proliferation vitro. Additionally, effect cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion involvement MAPK, protein kinase C, changes intracellular Ca2+ apelin-induced CCK vitro were examined....

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation a transcriptional program that mimics the hypoxic response have been documented in cultured cells presence cobalt chloride. We found hypoxia-mimicking concentrations CoCl2, mitochondrial but not nuclear DNA damage is induced rat neuronal, PC12 cells. To our knowledge, this first documentation induction (mtDNA) under these conditions. Likewise, we provide evidence for elevation MYH, mammalian homolog Escherichia coli MutY glycosylase,...

Alu interspersed repetitive elements possess internal RNA polymerase III promoters which are strongly transcribed in vitro, yet these nearly silent somatic cells. To examine whether repression by chromatin proteins could contribute to the low level of expression, a conserved element from fourth intron human alpha-fetoprotein gene was reconstituted with purified octamer or tetramer particles. Analysis reconstitutes revealed that this directed translational and rotational positioning octamers...

Alu sequences are interspersed throughout the genomes of primate cells, occurring singly and in clusters around RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. Because these repeat elements capable positioning nucleosomes vitro reconstitutes (Englander, E. W., Wolffe, A. P., Howard, B. H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 19565-19573), we investigated whether they also [Abstract] influence vivo chromatin structure. When assayed collectively using consensus sequence probes native as template, family members...

Ghrelin is a recently discovered stomach hormone that stimulates pituitary growth (GH) secretion potently. The purpose of these experiments was to test the hypothesis stomach-ghrelin-pituitary-GH axis exists in which either an elevation or reduction systemic GH levels will exert negative positive feedback action, respectively, on ghrelin homeostasis. In rats, administration decreased mRNA and plasma significantly. GH-releasing (GHRH) transgenic mice, GHRH overexpression peptide when compared...

Apelin is the endogenous ligand for APJ receptor, and apelin are expressed in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Intestinal inflammation increases intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression. Hypoxia closely linked cellular insults. The purpose of these studies was to investigate influence hypoxia on enteric Exposure rat pups acute increased hepatic, stomach-duodenal, colonic mRNA levels 10-, 2-, 2-fold, respectively (P < 0.05 vs. controls). also levels, treatment during exposure enhanced...

Apelin is the endogenous ligand for APJ receptor; both are expressed in gastrointestinal tract. Experimental colitis rodents and inflammatory bowel disease humans associated with increased intestinal apelin production. Our aim was to use LPS proinflammatory cytokine-treated (IL-6 IFN-γ) or enteric cells identify signaling mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced expression. LPS, IL-6, IFN-γ treatment of Pharmacological blockade Jak/Stat IL-6 antibody administration inhibited elevations...

Tissue-specific iron content is tightly regulated to simultaneously satisfy specialized metabolic needs and avoid cytotoxicity. In the brain, disruption of homeostasis may occur in acute as well progressive injuries associated with neuronal dysfunction death. We hypothesized that adverse effects disrupted metal on brain function involve impairment DNA repair processes. Because base excision (BER) pathway central for handling oxidatively damaged DNA, we investigated elevated zinc key BER...

Protection and replenishment of a functional pancreatic β-cell mass (BCM) are key goals all diabetes therapies. Apelin, small regulatory peptide, is the endogenous ligand for apelin receptor (APJ) receptor. The apelin-APJ signaling system expressed in rodent human islet cells. Apelin exposure has been shown to inhibit stimulate insulin secretion. Our aim was assess influence selective APJ deletion cells on homeostasis glucose tolerance mice. Cre-LoxP strategy utilized mediate deletion....

Inflammation plays a key role in pancreatitis. Earlier studies from our laboratory showed that experimental pancreatitis activated the pancreatic apelin-APJ axis robustly mice. Apelin signaling reduced neutrophil invasion and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB mice with pancreatitis.The aim this study was to assess whether apelin-induced inhibition NF-κB linked mechanistically apelin's inflammatory mediator up-regulation cerulein-induced chronic (CP). Whether inhibitory effects were...

Abstract Mitochondrial genomes are exposed to a heavy load of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage DNA. Since in neurons, mitochondrial DNA integrity must be maintained over the entire mammalian life span, neuronal mitochondria most likely repair oxidatively damaged We show Escherichia coli MutY glycosylase homolog (MYH) rat (rMYH) involved oxidative is abundantly expressed brain, with isoforms exclusive brain tissue. Confocal microscopy and western analyses reveal localization rMYH...

In experimental models of acute pancreatitis (AP), acinar cell death occurs by both necrosis and programmed or apoptosis. Apoptosis is an active form associated with a tightly regulated expression gene products that are either pro- antiapoptotic. The aim this study was to characterize pancreatic mRNA levels Northern blotting analysis apoptosis-associated genes used during the course cerulein-induced AP in mice. Histone H3 were also examined as indicator proliferation. Acinar apoptosis...

In humans, cerebral hypoxia is a common component of severe brain insults, including trauma, stroke, and perinatal asphyxia. Oxidative stress free radicals incidental to are implicated in damaging macromolecules, leading collapse cellular homeostasis cell death. Neuronal DNA damage, as direct measurable event, has not been addressed hypoxia. Here, we measured hypoxia-induced damage repair nuclear mitochondrial rat hippocampus cortex. Two highly sensitive quantitative polymerase chain...

DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) is a constitutively expressed repair enzyme in vertebrate cells. Yet, it had been shown previously that the pol mRNA level increases Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells within 4 h after treatment with several monofunctional damaging agents, notably, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Herein we report transfected promoter fusion gene activated by MNNG of CHO cells; from approximately 10-fold higher treated than untreated 16 treatment. This activation...