A5035571610- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Plant and animal studies
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Plant Ecology and Taxonomy Studies
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Agriculture and Biological Studies
- Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Bryophyte Studies and Records
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Lichen and fungal ecology
Charles University
2016-2025
Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany
2016-2025
Czech Academy of Sciences
2012-2024
Czech Academy of Sciences, Astronomical Institute
2024
Universität Innsbruck
2018-2022
University of Oslo
2015-2021
American Museum of Natural History
2015
University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice
2009
The duplication of an entire genome is no small affair. Whole (WGD) a dramatic mutation with long-lasting effects, yet it occurs repeatedly in all eukaryotic kingdoms. Plants are particularly rich documented WGDs, recent and ancient polyploidization events major extant lineages. However, challenges immediately following WGD, such as the maintenance stable chromosome segregation or detrimental ecological interactions diploid progenitors, commonly do not permit establishment nascent...
Parallel adaptation provides valuable insight into the predictability of evolutionary change through replicated natural experiments. A steadily increasing number studies have demonstrated genomic parallelism, yet magnitude this parallelism varies depending on whether populations, species, or genera are compared. This led us to hypothesize that scales with genetic divergence between lineages, but is case and underlying processes remain unknown. Here, we resequenced seven parallel lineages two
Analysis of population genetic structure has become a standard approach in genetics. In polyploid complexes, clustering analyses can elucidate the origin populations and patterns admixture between different cytotypes. However, combining diploid data theoretically lead to biased inference with (artefactual) by ploidy. We used simulated mixed-ploidy (diploid-autotetraploid) systematically compare performance k-means model-based methods implemented Structure, Admixture, FastStructure InStruct...
Abstract Polyploidy, the result of whole-genome duplication (WGD), is a major driver eukaryote evolution. Yet WGDs are hugely disruptive mutations, and we still lack clear understanding their fitness consequences. Here, study whether in greater diversity genomic structural variants (SVs) how they influence evolutionary dynamics plant genus, Cochlearia (Brassicaceae). By using long-read sequencing graph-based pangenome, find both negative positive interactions between SVs. Masking recessive...
Detailed knowledge of variations in ploidy levels and their geographic distributions is one the key tasks faced polyploid research natural systems. Flow cytometry has greatly facilitated field cytogeography by allowing characterization at both regional population scale, multiple stages life cycle. In present study, flow was employed to investigate patterns dynamics variation taxonomically challenging complex Knautia arvensis (Dipsacaceae) some its allies (K. dipsacifolia, K. slovaca) Central...
Abstract Quaternary climatic oscillations profoundly impacted temperate biodiversity. For many diverse yet undersampled areas, however, the consequences of this impact are still poorly known. In Europe, particular uncertainty surrounds role Balkans, a major hotspot European diversity, in postglacial recolonization more northerly and Carpathians, debatable candidate for northern ‘cryptic’ glacial refugium. Using genome‐wide SNP s microsatellites, we examined how interplay historical processes...
Abstract Whole genome duplication (WGD) can promote adaptation but is disruptive to conserved processes, especially meiosis. Studies in Arabidopsis arenosa revealed a coordinated evolutionary response WGD involving interacting proteins controlling meiotic crossovers, which are minimized an autotetraploid (within-species polyploid) avoid missegregation. Here, we test whether this surprising flexibility of essential process, meiosis, recapitulated independent system, Cardamine amara, 17 My...
Polyploidization is one of the leading forces in evolution land plants, providing opportunities for instant speciation and rapid gain evolutionary novelties. Highly selective conditions serpentine environments act as an important trigger that can be involved various processes. Whereas significance both edaphic on polyploidy widely acknowledged plant evolution, links between polyploid differentiation have not yet been examined. To fill this gap, we investigated history perennial herb Knautia...
Despite the recent wealth of studies targeted at contact zones cytotypes in various species, some aspects polyploid evolution are still poorly understood. This is especially case for frequency and success rate spontaneous neopolyploidization or temporal dynamics ploidy coexistence, requiring massive screening repeated observations, respectively. To fill this gap, an extensive study spatio-temporal patterns coexistence was initiated widespread annual weed Tripleurospermum inodorum (Asteraceae).
Wild relatives in the genus Arabidopsis are recognized as useful model systems to study traits and evolutionary processes outcrossing species, which often difficult or even impossible investigate selfing annual thaliana. However, a is littered with sub-species ecotypes make realizing potential of these non-model lineages problematic. There relatively few studies comprehensively characterize gene pools across all supra-groups hypothesized none include sampling at world-wide scale. Here we...
Detailed knowledge of the geographic distribution cytotypes is a prerequisite for any experimental or molecular study ploidy-variable plant systems. The Arabidopsis arenosa group, an intricate di-tetraploid complex from model genus Arabidopsis, has remained largely neglected regarding and habitat associations its cytotypes. Using flow cytometry, we conducted large population-level cytological screen across A. group range, involving more than 2900 individuals 194 populations. We characterized...
Relative contributions of pre-existing vs de novo genomic variation to adaptation are poorly understood, especially in polyploid organisms. We assess this high resolution using autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa, which repeatedly adapted toxic serpentine soils that exhibit skewed elemental profiles. Leveraging a fivefold replicated invasion, we selection on SNPs and structural variants (TEs) 78 resequenced individuals discover significant parallelism candidate genes involved ion homeostasis....
Abstract Background Plant genomes can respond rapidly to environmental changes and transposable elements (TEs) arise as important drivers contributing genome dynamics. Although some were reported be induced by various abiotic or biotic factors, there is a lack of general understanding on how environment influences the activity diversity TEs. Here, we combined common garden experiment with short-read sequencing investigate genomic abundance expression 2245 consensus TE sequences (containing...
Abstract Habitat stability is important for maintaining biodiversity by preventing species extinction, but this being challenged climate change. The tropical alpine ecosystem currently one of the ecosystems most threatened global warming, and flora close to permanent snow line at high risk extinction. ecosystem, found in South Central America, Malesia Papuasia, Africa, Hawaii, relatively young evolutionary age, it has been exposed changing climates since its origin, particularly during...
Abstract For the first time in bryophyte studies, we performed comprehensive cloning of ITS region to reveal intraindi–vidual variation sequences. We assessed relationships among morphologically defined taxa polyploid complex moss Tortula muralis. Our results detected a monophyletic T. muralis comprising subsp. muralis, obtusifolia, lingulata, israelis, and edentula. The single accession edentula was found nested within biphyletic israelis be With exception intragenomic sequence high...
Introgressive hybridization is an important evolutionary process frequently contributing to diversification and speciation of angiosperms. Its extent in other groups land plants has only rarely been studied, however. We therefore examined the levels introgression genus Diphasiastrum, a taxonomically challenging group Lycopodiophytes, using flow cytometry numerical geometric morphometric analyses. Patterns morphological cytological variation were evaluated extensive dataset 561 individuals...
Parallel evolution provides powerful natural experiments for studying repeatability of and genomic basis adaptation. Well-documented examples from plants are, however, still rare, as are inquiries mechanisms driving convergence in some traits while divergence others. Arabidopsis arenosa , a predominantly foothill species with scattered morphologically distinct alpine occurrences is promising candidate. Yet, the hypothesis parallelism remained untested. We sampled populations all regions...
A major challenge in phylogenetics and -genomics is to resolve young rapidly radiating groups. The fast succession of species increases the probability incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), different topologies gene trees are expected, leading tree discordance, i.e., not all represent tree. Phylogenetic discordance common phylogenomic datasets, apart from ILS, additional sources include hybridization, whole-genome duplication, methodological artifacts. Despite a high degree often well supported...
Abstract It is broadly assumed that polyploidy success reflects an increase in fitness associated with whole‐genome duplication (WGD), due to higher tolerance stressful conditions. Nevertheless, WGD also arises several costs neo‐polyploid lineages, like genomic instability, or cellular mis‐management. In addition these costs, individuals face frequency dependent selection because of frequent low‐fitness triploids formed by cross‐ploidy pollinations when tetraploids are primarily rare the...