The experimental work described tested the prosposition that suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus is an autonomous circadian pacemaker. Simultaneous recording from two extracellular electrodes indicated neural (multiple unit) activity at sites in brain, one which or near and other many brain locations. Both intact rats displayed clear rhythmicity spontaneous activity. In animals, a Halasz knife was used to create island hypothalamic tissue contained nuclei. such animals were also blinded...

Metapyrocatechase which catalyzes the oxygenative ring cleavage of catechol to form a-hydroxymuconic Esemialdehyde is encoded by xylE gene on TOL plasmid Pseudomonas putida mt-2.We have cloned xytE region in Escherichia coli and determined nucleotide sequence DNA fragment 985 base pairs around gene.The included only one open translational frame sufficient length accommodate enzyme.The predicted amino acid consisted 307 residues, its NH2-and COOH-termind sequences were perfect agreement with...

The regulatory gene xylS on the TOL plasmid of Pseudomonas putida activates transcription xylDLEGF operon for m-toluate-degrading pathway in presence m-toluate. also same m-xylene or m-methylbenzyl alcohol, but this activation another gene, xylR, is required. In study we examined expression by determining mRNA reverse transcriptase mapping and monitoring enzyme activity xylE product, which was expressed under control promoter. results above experiments provide evidence that xylR positively...

The regulatory gene xylR of the TOL plasmid, which functions positively on both xylABC and xylDEGF operons in presence m-xylene or m-methylbenzyl alcohol, was cloned onto an Escherichia coli vector, pACYC177. A fused operon consisting operator-promoter region xylE pBR322. product, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, induced by alcohol cells containing when a 2.8-kilobase segment plasmid provided trans. Therefore, appeared to contain xylR. mapped very close other gene, xylS, determined previously. not...

The xylABC operon on the TOL plasmid directs synthesis of enzymes for conversion toluene to benzoate and is positively controlled by regulatory gene xylR. In study here nucleotide sequence was determined region this operon. in vivo transcription initiation site S1 nuclease reverse transcriptase mapping. RNA prepared from m-methylbenzyl alcohol-induced cells Pseudomonas putida Escherichia coli carrying pTN2, a derivative containing structural genes entire toluene-degrading pathway. amount E....

The xylDEGF operon and the regulatory gene xylS of TOL plasmid found in Pseudomonas putida mt-2 were cloned onto Escherichia coli vector plasmids. A 9.5-kilobase fragment, derived from segment pTN2 deoxyribonucleic acid, carried xyl genes D, E, G, F, which encode toluate oxygenase, catechol 2,3-oxygenase, 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, hydrolase, respectively. enzymes noninducible unless a 3-kilobase PstI also segment, was provided either cis or trans. fragment appeared to...

Cleavage sites for the restriction endonucleases XhoI, BamHI, HindIII, and EcoRI were mapped on pTN2 plasmid, a recombinant of TOL RP4, which specifies toluene-degrading enzymes in same way as wild-type plasmid. The purified from strain Escherichia coli, contained entire length RP4 plasmid (about 54 kilobase pairs [kb]) segment 56 kb). is inserted at about 12 5 kb away BamHI cleavage respectively. also an insertion mutant, pTN1, two deletion mutants, pTN81 pTN9. Analysis pTN9 allowed...

Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) not only regulates expression of heat genes in response to elevated temperature, but is also involved developmental processes by regulating such as cytokine genes. However, we did know how HSF1 non-heat Here, show that constitutive binding the interleukin (IL)-6 promoter necessary for its maximal induction lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation mouse embryo fibroblasts and peritoneal macrophages. Lack inhibited LPS-induced vivo an activator NF-kappaB a...

Abstract The febrile response is a complex physiological reaction to disease, including cytokine-mediated increase in body temperature and the activation of inflammatory systems. Fever has beneficial roles terms disease prognosis, partly by suppressing expression cytokines. However, molecular mechanisms underlining fever-mediated suppression gene have not been clarified. In this study, we showed that heat shock suppresses LPS-induced IL-6, major pyrogenic cytokine, mouse embryonic...

The heat-shock response is characterized by the expression of a set classical genes, and regulated transcription factor 1 (HSF1) in mammals. However, comprehensive analyses gene have revealed very large numbers inducible genes cells exposed to heat shock. It believed that HSF1 required for heat-inducible these although HSF2 HSF4 modulate some expression. Here, we identified novel mouse HSF3 (mHSF3) translocated into nucleus during mHSF3 did not activate such as Hsp70. Remarkably,...

Quality-control mechanisms in spermatogenesis are important to eliminate injured or abnormal cells, thereby protecting the organism from development next generation. The processes of highly sensitive high temperatures; however, by which germ cells eliminated remain unclear. Here, we found that heat shock proteins not induced male response thermal stress, although transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is activated. Using HSF1-null mice, showed apoptosis pachytene spermatocytes was markedly inhibited...

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a major transactivator of heat proteins in response to shock, and it also involved oogenesis, spermatogenesis, placental development. However, we do not know the molecular mechanisms controlling developmental processes. In this study, found that HSF1-null mice exhibited significant decrease T cell-dependent B cell response. When were immunized intraperitoneally with sheep red blood cells, cell-specific IgG production, especially IgG2a was about 50% lower than...

The xylB and xylE genes in the TOL plasmid of Pseudomonas putida mt-2, which code for benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase catechol 2,3-oxygenase, respectively, were cloned onto pBR322 Escherichia coli detailed mapping. gene was mapped a 2.9-kilobase region within BamHI BC fragment pTN2, an vivo RP4-TOL recombinant, whereas 1.8-kilobase BD fragment. directions transcription these deduced from expression had been ligated orientations opposite at its site tetracycline resistance gene. are inducible by...

Heat shock response is characterized by the induction of heat proteins (HSPs), which facilitate protein folding, and non-HSP with diverse functions, including degradation, regulated factors (HSFs). HSF1 a master regulator HSP expression during in mammals, as HSF3 avians. HSF2 plays roles development brain reproductive organs. However, fundamental vertebrate cells have not been identified. Here we find that activated physiological range. deficiency reduces threshold for chicken or mouse...

Heat shock response, which is characterized by the induction of a set heat proteins, essential for induced thermotolerance and regulated transcription factors (HSFs). Curiously, HSF1 response in mammals, whereas avian HSF3, an avian-specific factor required burst activation genes. Amino acid sequences chicken are highly conserved with human HSF1, but those HSF3 diverge significantly. Here, we demonstrated that lost ability to activate genes through amino-terminal domain containing...

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) play roles not only in heat response but also development of the reproductive organs, brain, and lens. Here, we analyzed sensory organs found abnormalities olfactory epithelium adult HSF1-null mice, which is developmentally related to The was normal until postnatal 3 weeks maintained later than 4 mice. atrophied with increased cell death neurons. Analysis revealed that induction HSP expression reduction LIF are lacking We DNA binding activity HSF1...

The xylR gene is a regulatory on the TOL plasmid, which acts in positive manner xyl operons for degradation of toluene and xylenes Pseudomonas putida. A DNA fragment containing promoter region was cloned promoter-probing vectors, its nucleotide sequence determined. transcription initiation site determined cells P. putida Escherichia coli by S1 nuclease reverse transcriptase mapping. Two sites were detected identical both E. coli. amounts mRNA synthesized bacterial almost same independent...

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) regulate gene expression in response to heat and physiological conditions. In mammals, HSF1 is required for heat-mediated induction of classic genes; however, we do not know the molecular mechanisms by which HSF4 regulates or biological consequences its binding chromatin. Here, identified that binds various genomic regions, including introns distal parts protein-coding genes vivo mouse lenses, a substantial numbers regions were also occupied HSF2....