Immunocompromised individuals tend to suffer from influenza longer with more serious complications than otherwise healthy patients. Little is known about the impact of prolonged infection and efficacy antiviral therapy in these Among all 189 A virus infected immunocompromised patients admitted ErasmusMC, 71 were hospitalized, since start 2009 H1N1 pandemic. We identified 11 (15%) cases pandemic replication (longer 14 days), despite therapy. In 5 out (45%) oseltamivir resistant H275Y viruses...

An analytical method has been developed for simultaneous extraction and determination of two estrogenic active agents, 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) bisphenol A (BPA), in activated sewage sludge anaerobically stabilized sludge. Both compounds were determined by GC/MS freeze-dried samples that had spiked with these order to indicate different contamination levels. Extractive steam distillation, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid (SFE), accelerated solvent (ASE) applied, the results compared. ASE...

Plasmid-encoded β-lactamases are a major reason for antibiotic resistance in Gram negative bacteria. These enzymes hydrolyze the β-lactam ring structure of certain antibiotics, consequently leading to their inactivation. The clinical situation demands specific first-line therapy combined with quick identification bacterial strains and antimicrobial susceptibility. Strategies β-lactamase activity often cumbersome usually lack sensitivity specificity. current work demonstrates that matrix...

Background: The hematocrit effect is a hurdle for successful introduction of the dried blood spot (DBS) in regulated environment. Recently, attempts were taken to overcome by whole-cut DBS analysis. This paper presents next-generation DBS; matrix on disks (DMPD). Results: DMPD eliminated and demonstrated better accuracy precision than regular with partial punching. Observed 6.0 2.3% DMPD, respectively, -10.4 17.1%, DBS, respectively. Conclusion: technique performed eliminating related volume...

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease associated with metabolic reprogramming. The shifts in the metabolome caused by BC still lack data from Latin populations of Hispanic origin. In this pilot study, metabolomic and lipidomic approaches were performed to establish plasma fingerprint Colombian women BC. Data 1H-NMR, GC-MS LC-MS combined compared. Statistics showed discrimination between breast healthy subjects on all analytical platforms. differentiating metabolites involved...

Kaletra (Abott Laboratories) is a co-formulated medication used in the treatment of HIV-1-infected children, and it contains two antiretroviral protease inhibitor drugs lopinavir ritonavir. We validated new ultrafast high-throughput mass spectrometric assays to be for therapeutic drug monitoring ritonavir concentrations whole blood plasma from children. Whole was blotted onto dried spot (DBS) collecting cards, collected simultaneously. DBS cards were extracted by an acetonitrile/water...

Specific mutations within the hypervariable herpes simplex virus (HSV) gene thymidine kinase (TK) lead to acyclovir (ACV) resistance. To uncover existence of latent ACV-resistant (ACVR) HSV-1, we determined genetic and functional variability HSV-1 TK pool in paired trigeminal ganglia (TG) 5 immunocompetent individuals. The consisted a donor-specific quasispecies, including one major ACV-sensitive (ACVS) multiple phylogenetic-related minor ACVS ACVR variants. Contrary variants, variants were...

Activity of the lactococcal cell envelope-located serine proteinase depends on presence membrane-associated lipoprotein PrtM. To differentiate between action and PrtM in process maturation, an inactive form was constructed. This done by mutating one three amino acids thought to constitute active site enzyme. The secreted this inactivated same size as produced absence Both proteinases are larger than proteinase. Isolation washing cells carrying complete gene a Ca(2+)-free buffer prevented...

The neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) is currently the first-line therapy for patients with influenza virus infection. Common analysis of prodrug and its active metabolite oseltamivircarboxylate determined via extraction from plasma. Compared these assays, dried blood spot (DBS) provides several advantages, including a minimum sample volume required measurement drugs in whole blood. Samples can easily be obtained simple, non-invasive finger or heel prick. Mainly, characteristics...

The biochemical degradation of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) under aerobic anaerobic conditions in closed-loop systems was monitored laboratory scale. Adsorptive effects these compounds to glass polypropylene were also examined. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) negative electrospray (ESI(-)) applied for determination. Elimination PFOS observed whereas treatment not effective.

The cytochrome P450-mediated oxidative metabolism of the terpene alcohol linalool was studied in vitro by enzymatic assays using recombinant human P450 enzymes. Three different products allylic hydroxylation and epoxidation were identified gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Identified 8-hydroxylinalool ((R/S)-3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene-3,8-diol) cyclic ethers pyranoid-linalool oxide ((R/S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol) furanoid-linalool...

Acyclovir (ACV) is the antiviral drug of choice to treat patients with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) uveitis. The prevalence intra-ocular ACV-resistant (ACV(R)) HSV-1 in herpetic uveitis unknown and may have clinical consequences. In addition its predictive value on ACV susceptibility, polymorphic thymidine kinase (TK) gene facilitates differentiation between strains.The objective this study was determine genetic composition susceptibility causative fluid samples (IOF) patients.The...

Background: Addition of internal standards to dried blood spot (DBS) specimens can be complicated. Therefore, we studied the feasibility different standard addition procedures. Nevirapine and its stable-isotope analogue were used as model compounds concentrations in DBS specimen determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry using selected reaction monitoring. Results: The procedure stable isotope-labeled had significant impact on...

The cytochrome P450-mediated oxidative metabolism of the terpene alcohol linalool was studied in vitro by enzymatic assays using recombinant human P450 enzymes. Three different products allylic hydroxylation and epoxidation were identified gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Identified 8-hydroxylinalool ((R/S)-3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene-3,8-diol) cyclic ethers pyranoid-linalool oxide ((R/S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol) furanoid-linalool...

Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is a common chromophoric ingredient in oxidative hair-dyes. In some African countries like Sudan, Egypt and Morocco but also India this chemical used alone or combination with colouring extracts Henna for dyeing of the hair skin. Excessive dermal exposure to PPD mainly leads N-mono- N,N′-diacetylated products (MAPPD, DAPPD) by N-acetyltransferase 1 2 (NAT1 2) catalyzed reactions. Metabolites are excreted via renal clearance. Despite low risk intoxication when due...

High-dose methotrexate (MTX) is used in the treatment of proliferative diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Therapeutic drug monitoring plasma MTX important to monitor efficacy and adverse events. The authors aimed develop a liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)-based method determine for therapeutic pharmacokinetic studies.Samples were analyzed using Waters Acquity UPLC Quattro Premier XE. A BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm)...

Sphingomonas sp. strain TTNP3 degrades 4(3',5'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl)-phenol and unidentified metabolites that were described previously. The chromatographic analyses of the synthesized reference compound led to their identification as 2(3',5'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl)-1,4-benzenediol. This finding indicates nonylphenol metabolism this bacterium involves unconventional degradation pathways where an NIH shift mechanism occurs.

An analytical assay has been developed and validated for ultrafast high-throughput mass spectrometric determination of pemetrexed concentrations in plasma using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-triple quadrupole-tandem spectrometry. Patient samples spiked with the internal standard methotrexate were measured by multiple reaction monitoring. The detection limit was 0.4 fmol/μL, lower quantification 0.9 upper 60 respectively. Overall observed patient ranged between 8.7 (1.4) 142.7...

Background: Undoubtedly, incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) will become an integral part of regulated bioanalysis dried blood spot (DBS) samples. In this article, we report results from ISR study on DBS specimen and their corresponding plasma Incurred samples were reanalyzed concentration the antiretroviral drug lopinavir (LPV). Results: Bland–Altman comparison plots showed a high degree agreement between measurements; 94.7% observed LPV concentrations within bias ±2 SD. Moreover, 73.7%...