In healthy plants, the innate immune system contributes to maintenance of microbiota homoeostasis, while disease can be associated with microbiome perturbation or dysbiosis, and enrichment opportunistic plant pathogens like Xanthomonas. It is currently unclear whether change occurs independently caused by latter. Here we tested if protein export through type-2 secretion (T2SS) Xanthomonas causes dysbiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana immunocompromised plants. We found that strains secrete a...

Post-transcriptional control of protein abundance is a highly important, underexplored regulatory process by which organisms respond to their environments. Here we describe an important and previously unidentified pathway involving the ribosomal modification RimK, its regulator proteins RimA RimB, widespread bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP (cdG). Disruption rimK affects motility surface attachment in pathogenic commensal Pseudomonas species, with deletion significantly compromising...

Interfamily transfer of plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represents a promising biotechnological approach to engineer broad-spectrum, and potentially durable, disease resistance in crops. It is however unclear whether new specificities given pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) affect the interaction recipient with beneficial microbes. To test this direct reductionist approach, we transferred Brassicaceae-specific PRR ELONGATION FACTOR-THERMO UNSTABLE RECEPTOR (EFR),...

The plant innate immune system employs plasma membrane-localized receptors that specifically perceive pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs). This induces a defence response called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) to fend off pathogen attack. Commensal bacteria are also exposed potential recognition and must employ strategies evade and/or suppress PTI successfully colonize the plant. During infection, flagellum has an ambiguous role, acting as both virulence factor...

Abstract Background Plants are known to be infected by a wide range of pathogenic microbes. To study plant diseases caused microbes, it is imperative able monitor disease symptoms and microbial colonization in quantitative objective manner. In contrast more traditional measures that use manual assignments categories, image processing provides accurate quantification symptoms. Besides monitoring symptoms, computational additional information on the spatial localization microbes different...

ABSTRACT Plant‐pathogenic bacteria colonise their hosts using various strategies, exploiting both natural openings and wounds in leaves roots. The vascular pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. (Xcc) enters its host through hydathodes, organs at the leaf margin involved guttation. Subsequently, Xcc breaches hydathode–xylem barrier progresses into xylem vessels causing systemic disease. To elucidate mechanisms that underpin different stages of an infection, a need exists to image bacterial...

Summary The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER )‐resident BAX INHIBITOR ‐1 BI ‐1) protein is one of a few cell death suppressors known to be conserved in animals and plants. function proteins response various biotic abiotic stress factors well established. However, little about the underlying mechanisms. We conducted co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐ IP ) experiments identify A rabidopsis thaliana ‐1‐interacting obtain potentially better understanding how functions during plant–pathogen interactions as...

Summary Aliphatic glucosinolates function in the chemical defense of Capparales. The cytochrome P450 83A1 monooxygenase (CYP83A1) catalyzes initial conversion methionine‐derived aldoximes to thiohydroximates biosynthesis glucosinolates, and thus cyp83a1 mutants have reduced levels aliphatic glucosinolates. Loss CYP83A1 leads dramatically parasitic growth biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum on Arabidopsis thaliana . support less well germination appressorium formation E....

Abstract Bacterial plant pathogens exploit natural openings, such as pores or wounds, to enter the interior and cause disease. Plants actively guard these openings through defense mechanisms that have been described extensively for stomates, most common points of entry. However, bacteria from genus Xanthomonas specialized in they their host via hydathodes—a poorly studied organ at leaf margin involved guttation. While hydathodes can mount an effective immune response against bacteria, a...

Abstract The transcriptional regulator AmrZ is a global regulatory protein conserved within the pseudomonads. can act both as positive and negative of gene expression, controlling many genes implicated in environmental adaption. Regulated traits include motility, iron homeostasis, exopolysaccharides production ability to form biofilms. In Pseudomonas fluorescens F113, an amrZ mutant presents pleiotropic phenotype, showing increased swimming decreased biofilm formation very limited for...

Abstract Dysbiosis is characterized by a perturbed microbiota associated with host disease. In both plants and animals, the innate immune system contributes to maintain homeostasis in healthy organisms, NADPH oxidases playing crucial role. Arabidopsis thaliana , absence of oxidase RBOHD can lead an altered leaf microbiota, including enrichment opportunistic Xanthomonas pathogens. It currently unclear whether change occurs independently pathogens or caused latter, which virulence factors are...

Abstract Background Plants are known to be infected by a wide range of pathogenic microbes. To study plant diseases caused microbes, it is imperative able monitor disease symptoms and microbial colonization in an quantitative objective manner. In contrast more traditional measures that use manual assignments categories, image processing provides accurate quantification symptoms. Besides monitoring symptoms, additional information on the spatial localization microbes different tissues....

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Abstract To colonize plants, pathogenic bacteria modulate the biology of host employing different bacterial secretion systems. For example, type II system (T2SS) releases toxins, proteases, lipases and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes into extracellular environment to promote tissue softening soft rot. In this way, T2SS promotes virulence phytopathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. However, role its substrates for vascular disease remains enigmatic. Here, we show that Xps-T2SS allows Xanthomonas...

Prior to infection, phytopathogenic bacteria face a challenging environment on the plant surface, where they are exposed nutrient starvation and abiotic stresses. Pathways enabling surface adhesion, stress tolerance, epiphytic survival important for successful pathogenesis. Understanding roles regulation of these pathways is therefore crucial fully understand bacterial infections. The phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) encodes multiple polysaccharides that implicated in...

Successful pathogens must efficiently defeat or delay host immune responses, including those triggered by release exposure of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Knowledge the details leading to this phenomenon in genuine plant-pathogen interactions is still scarce. We took advantage well-established Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 pathosystem explore prerequisites for suppression MAMP-triggered defense bacterial invader. Using a transgenic line...

Abstract Plant pathogenic bacteria use various entry strategies to colonize their host, like entering through natural openings and wounds in leaves roots. The vascular pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. (Xcc) enters hydathodes, organs at the leaf margin involved guttation. Subsequently, Xcc breaks out from infected progressing into xylem vessels causing systemic disease. To elucidate mechanisms that underpin different stages of pathogenesis, a need exists image progression planta...

Abstract The ability of plants to perceive and react biotic abiotic stresses is critical for their health. We recently identified a core set genes consistently induced by members the leaf microbiota, termed general non-self response (GNSR) genes. Here we show that GNSR components conversely impact microbiota composition. Specific strains benefited from this altered assembly triggered strong plant responses, suggesting dynamic system modulates colonization certain strains. Examination live...

Abstract Interfamily transfer of plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represents a promising biotechnological approach to engineer broad-spectrum, and potentially durable, disease resistance in crops. It is however unclear whether new specificities given pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) affect the interaction recipient with beneficial microbes. To test this direct reductionist approach, we transferred Brassicaceae -specific PRR ELONGATION FACTOR-THERMO UNSTABLE RECEPTOR...