A5077808195- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Malaria Research and Control
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Genital Health and Disease
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Respiratory viral infections research
Nairobi Hospital
2024
Kenya Medical Research Institute
1988-2017
Strathmore University
2014-2017
Harvard University
2009-2017
Wellcome Trust
2015
Partners for Health and Development in Africa
2014
German Primate Center
2006-2009
Pohang University of Science and Technology
2009
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
2009
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most common cause of illness and death in young children worldwide. Because inadequate laboratory facilities financial resources etiological agents responsible for cases developing countries remain unknown, thus obviating appropriate management. Therefore, an ARI program was commenced at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya 1981 with objectives establishing microbial causes, clinical presentations, diagnoses under 5 years age simple, rapid,...
Abstract Recently increased availability of anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) has mitigated HIV‐1/AIDS prognoses especially in resource poor settings. The emergence ART resistance‐associated mutations from non‐suppressive been implicated as a major cause failure. Reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)‐resistance among 12 non‐subtype B HIV‐1‐infected children with treatment failure were evaluated by genotypically analyzing HIV‐1 strains isolated plasma obtained between 2001 and 2004. A region...
Universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is still elusive in most developing nations. We asked whether peer support influenced adherence and treatment outcome if a single viral load (VL) could define failure resource-limited setting.A multicenter longitudinal cross-sectional survey of VL, CD4 T cells, 546 patients receiving HAART for up 228 months. VL counts were determined using m2000 Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay FACS counters, respectively. Adherence was assessed...
Treatment failure is a key challenge in the management of HIV-1 infection. We conducted mixed-model survey plasma nevirapine (NVP) concentrations (cNVP) and viral load order to examine associations with treatment adherence outcomes among Kenyan patients on prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART). Blood was collected at 1, 4 24 hours post-ART dosing from 58 subjects receiving NVP-containing ART used determine cNVP (VL). Median duration 42 (range, 12-156) months, 25 (43.1%) had virologic (VF)....
Background Injection drug use is steadily rising in Kenya. We assessed the prevalence of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C (HCV) infections among injecting heroin users (IHUs) at Kenyan Coast. Methods A total 186 IHUs (mean age, 33 years) from Omari rehabilitation center program Malindi were consented screened for HIV-1 HCV by serology PCR their CD4 T-cells enumerated FACS. Results Prevalence was 87.5%, that 16.4%, co-infection 17.9% 18/152 (11.8%) uninfected....
The genetic subtypes of HIV-1 circulating in northern Kenya have not been characterized. Here we report the partial sequencing and analysis samples collected years 2003 2004 from 72 HIV-1-positive patients Kenya, which borders Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan. From env sequences, it was determined that 50% were subtype A, 39% C, 11% D. This shows border region A C are dominant circulation. Ethiopia is dominated mainly by incidentally town Moyale, Ethiopia. These results show cross-border movements...
A study on the genetic diversity of HIV-1 subtypes present along coastal strip Kenya, i.e., Kilifi, Mombasa, Msambweni, and Malindi districts, was carried out. DNA sequences for regions encoding a portion env-gp41 region virus were generated by PCR sequenced directly. Eighty six samples that successfully analyzed. From analysis, 86% (74) subtype A1, 5% (4) C, 8% (7) D, 1% (1) G. This shows A1 is most dominant in circulation this region.
High risk human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections ultimately cause cervical cancer. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected women often present with multiple high-risk HPV and are thus at a higher of developing However, information on the circulating genotypes in Kenya both HIV-infected HIV-uninfected is still scanty. This study aimed determining phylogeny respect to their HIV status correlating this cytology results. was carried out among attending Reproductive Health Clinic Kenyatta...
Monitoring the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants among infected individuals has become a priority in HIV therapy. A laboratory analysis samples collected from HIV-positive patients attending an STI clinic Nairobi was done between March May 2004. PCR carried out on pol (intergrase) env (C2V3) regions resulting data 54 successfully analyzed revealed following as circulating subtypes: 35/54(65%) were A1/A1, 5/54(9%) A/C, 4/54 (7%) A1/D, 1/54 (2%) C/D, D/D, A1/A2, (2%)was G/G,...
A switch of coreceptor usage from CCR5 to CXCR4 occurs in about half HIV-1-infected individuals the natural course infection. To investigate whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) enhances HIV-1, we genotypically analyzed env-V3 amino acid sequences 81 children Kenya whose plasma samples were obtained between 2000 and 2007. Of 41 on ART, 35 had HIV-1 using as a at baseline. In 7 (20%) them switched during follow-up period. The mean duration ART time was 2.6 years (range: 0.5-5.2). remaining 40...
The genetic diversity of HIV-1 subtypes circulating in three districts northern Kenya, i.e., Turkana, Mandera, and Moyale, was studied. DNA sequences encoding a portion the env-C2-V3 region virus were amplified by PCR sequenced directly. One hundred fifty-nine samples successfully analyzed. From analysis, 57% subtype A1, 27% C, 9% D, remaining 7% unclassified. This study showed that A1 dominant circulation this region, though there significant percentage C there.
There is a continuous need to genetically characterize the HIV strains in circulation order assess interventions and inform vaccine discovery. We partially sequenced envelope C2V3 gene from total of 59 Kenyan patients on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) determined subtypes using both JPHMM subtyping tool phylogenetic method. HIV-1 subtype A1 was predominant strain circulation, representing 65.5% 74.5% all isolates as by methods, respectively. Subtypes C D were next most...
There is continuous need to track genetic profiles of HIV strains circulating in different geographic settings hasten vaccine discovery and inform public health intervention policies. We partially sequenced the reverse transcriptase region HIV-1 pol gene from a total 54 Kenyan patients aged 18–56 years who continued highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for between 8 102 months. Subtyping was done using both JPHMM tool phylogenetic method. subtype A1 predominant strain circulation,...
To determine the pattern of opportunistic infections such as TB and Candida species in HIV infected patients Northern Kenya.Cross-sectional study.Five health facilities Moyale (n=224), Mandera (n=121) Turkana Kakuma; (n=83), Lopiding; (n=94) districts during different periods 2003.Five hundred fifty two patients.In total 94 (18%) were found to be positive (Moyale=42, Mandera=13, Turkana; Kakuma=8, Lopiding=31). Only 65 provided saliva samples. Of these, 11 (17%) smear 19 (29.2%) colonized by...
Efficacy assessment of AIDS vaccines relies both on preclinically challenging immunized monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or monitoring infection rates in large human trials. Although conventional parameters vaccine-induced immune responses do not completely predict outcome, existing methods for testing cellular immunity are sophisticated and difficult to establish resource-limited settings.We have used replication kinetics (VVR) ConA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear...
HIV-1 is highly variable genetically and at protein level, a property it uses to subvert antiviral immunity treatment. The aim of this study was assess if HIV subtype differences were associated with variations in glycosylation patterns co-receptor tropism among HAART patients experiencing different virologic treatment outcomes. A total 118 env C2V3 sequence isolates generated previously from 59 Kenyan receiving active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) examined for patterns. For analysis...
There are limited reports on HIV-1 RNA load, CD4+ T-lymphocytes and antibody responses in relation to disease progression infected untreated children Africa.To describe the relationships between these parameters, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study involving 51 perinatally aged 1 13 years. HIV status was determined by ELISA confirmed western blot PCR. Antibodies were quantified limiting dilution ELISA, plasma load RT-PCR FACSCount.Asymptomatic symptomatic had, respectively, rise median...