A5027793757- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Hepatitis C virus research
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Amoebic Infections and Treatments
- Papaya Research and Applications
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Malaria Research and Control
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2014-2025
University of Manitoba
2006-2020
Kanazawa University
2001-2016
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
2009-2015
Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology
2015
University of Nairobi
2012
Kenyatta University
2004-2009
Moi University
2004
Catholic Relief Services
2004
Japan International Cooperation Agency
2003
Introduction Malaria is still a major health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where 98% of global malaria mortality occurs. In addition, the spread Plasmodium falciparum with partial artemisinin resistance East Africa and beyond great concern. The establishment more effective vector control, addition to current long-lasting insecticide-treated net distribution programme, an urgent task these areas. One novel control candidate pyrethroid-PBO ceiling nets (OlysetPlus nets) which can overcome...
To identify novel biomarkers for HIV-1 resistance, including pathways that may be critical in anti-HIV-1 vaccine design, we carried out a gene expression analysis on blood samples obtained from highly exposed seronegatives (HESN) commercial sex worker cohort Nairobi and compared their profiles to negative controls. Whole were collected 43 resistant workers similar number of Total RNA was extracted hybridized the Affymetrix HUG 133 Plus 2.0 micro arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara CA). Output...
Viral hepatitis is a major concern worldwide, with A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses showing sporadic outbreaks while B (HBV) C (HCV) are associated chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study determined the proportion, geographic distribution molecular characterization of among patients seeking medical services at hospitals throughout Kenya. Patients presenting jaundice four selected were recruited (n = 389). Sera tested for presence antibody to through E, HBV surface...
Background: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a highly pathogenic virus, and causes rapid disease progression from fulminant hepatitis (FH) to development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients co-infected with B (HBV). However, its exact global burden HBV-HDV co-infections remains largely obscure, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. The objective this study was determine the prevalence anti-hepatitis (anti-HDV) surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive blood donors Kenya. Methods: A total 239...
ABSTRACT We report the genome of a case mpox detected in Kenya involving truck driver with travel history to Uganda. Whole sequencing and phylogenetic analysis virus (MPXV) showed that clustered clade Ib, which was recently identified Democratic Republic Congo.
Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of virus (HBV) DNA in liver or serum absence detectable HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). OBI poses a risk for development cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence Kenya unknown, thus study was undertaken to determine molecular characterization Kenyan populations at high infection. Sera from two Nairobi cohorts, 99 male sex workers, primarily having with men (MSM-SW), 13 non-MSM HIV-positive partners, well 65...
To monitor the presence of genotypic HIV-1 variants circulating in eastern Cameroon, blood samples from 57 HIV-1-infected individuals attending 3 local health centers bordering rural villages with Central African Republic (CAR) were collected and analyzed phylogenetically. Out 40 strains positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) profile for both gag env-C2V3,12 (30.0%) had discordant subtype or CRF designation: 2 B/A (gag/env), 1 B/CRF01, B/CRF02, CRF01/CRF01.A, CRF11/CRF01, CRF13/A,...
Abstract Recently increased availability of anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) has mitigated HIV‐1/AIDS prognoses especially in resource poor settings. The emergence ART resistance‐associated mutations from non‐suppressive been implicated as a major cause failure. Reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)‐resistance among 12 non‐subtype B HIV‐1‐infected children with treatment failure were evaluated by genotypically analyzing HIV‐1 strains isolated plasma obtained between 2001 and 2004. A region...
Eight genotypes of hepatitis B virus (A-H) and subgenotypes have been recognized worldwide. However, there is limited information on prevalent in many countries Africa. This study was undertaken to determine the (HBV) Kenya. Seropositive HBV blood samples from a donor setting were used study. determined 52 nucleic acid-positive using specific primer nested PCR sequencing employed genotyping. shows presence variants with A (88%), E (8%) D (4%). In conclusion, we found that genotype most...
The treatment of HIV-1 infection with antiretroviral drugs has greatly improved the survival those who are infected. However, diversity and drug resistance major challenges in patient management, especially resource-poor countries. To evaluate genetic resistance-associated mutations among drug-naive patients Kenya prior to therapy (ART), a analysis pol-RT env-gp41 was performed on samples collected from 53 (18 males 35 females) consenting between April June 2005. average age, baseline CD4+ T...
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is characterized by genetic diversity such that specific viral subtypes are predominant in geographic areas. To determine circulating of HIV-1 different parts central Kenya, a cross-sectional study was carried out on HIV-1-positive blood samples collected from consenting individuals eight hospitals Kenya's province. Proviral DNA extracted peripheral mononuclear cells. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing using primers generated...
Clinical trials were conducted to assess the feasibility of using a cell phone text messaging-based system follow up Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients on antiretroviral (ARTs) and for improved adherence their medication. However there is need evaluate perceptions HIV towards use these phones in an effort better aid clinical management infection. The objective this study was therefore determine messaging as tool support ART medication.A cross sectional survey among...
The genetic subtypes of HIV-1 circulating in northern Kenya have not been characterized. Here we report the partial sequencing and analysis samples collected years 2003 2004 from 72 HIV-1-positive patients Kenya, which borders Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan. From env sequences, it was determined that 50% were subtype A, 39% C, 11% D. This shows border region A C are dominant circulation. Ethiopia is dominated mainly by incidentally town Moyale, Ethiopia. These results show cross-border movements...
Circulating strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exhibit an extraordinary degree genetic diversity and have been classified on the basis relationships into distinct lineages called groups, types, subtypes, subsubtypes. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are known to be a risk factor for HIV infection. To establish HIV-1 subtype among STI patients in Nairobi, 140 samples were collected partial pol gene sequencing done. From analysis it was established that A1 major (64%) followed...
Infection with HIV-1 is characterized by genetic diversity such that specific viral subtypes are predominant in geographical areas. The variation pol and env genes responsible for rapid development of resistance to current drugs. This has influenced disease progression among the infected necessitated search alternative drugs novel targets. Though successfully used developed countries, these still limited resource-poor countries. aim this study was determine subtypes, recombination, dual...
Design of effective vaccines against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) continues to present formidable challenges. However, individuals who are exposed HIV-1 but do not get infected may reveal correlates protection that inform on vaccine design. A preliminary gene expression analysis HIV resistant female sex workers (HIV-R) suggested a high CD26/DPPIV gene. Previous studies have indicated an anti-HIV effect expressing cells in vitro. Similarly, protein levels vivo been shown be risk...
Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased dramatically in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, 560,000 people had access ART by the end of 2011. This scaling up raised challenges Kenyan health system due emergence drug resistant viruses among those on treatment and possible onward transmission. To counter this, come with an effective strategy, it become vital determine baseline mutations associated resistance circulating strains HIV-1in Kenya. The prevalence HIV-1 protease (PR) reverse...
To determine the feasibility of using short-course zidovudine (ZDV) to prevent mother-to-child transmission human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a breastfeeding population rural area Kenya, pregnant mothers attending clinics seven health centers western Kenya between 1996 and 1998 were requested volunteer for participation this study. The HIV-infected given daily dose 400 mg ZDV starting at 36 weeks gestation another 300 every three hours intrapartum. After delivery, their children...
Abstract Background CCR5 antagonists have clinically been approved for prevention or treatment of HIV/AIDS. Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with the highest burden HIV/AIDS are due to adopt these regimens. However, HIV-1 can also use CXCR4 as a co-receptor. There is hence an urgent need map out cellular tropism country’s circulating HIV strains guide impending antagonists. Objectives To determine coreceptor usage among patients attending comprehensive care centre Nairobi, Kenya. Methods...
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the efficacy of World Health Organization (WHO) "Universal Test and Treat" (UTT) policy, initiated in Kenya September 2016. Under this every human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected person should be on antiretroviral therapy (ART). compared intra- inter-group viral suppression ART adherence rates for pre-UTT (initiated March-August 2016) UTT groups 2016). The was community outreach Program Nairobi with 3500 HIV-infected children...
Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are both bloodborne viruses. Markers of either active or past HBV infection present in many HIV infected patients. Worldwide, prevalence varies geographically endemicity is classified as low (<2%) high (>8%). Genotypically, among different populations, with genotype A having a wide distribution. In Kenya, the HIV-1/HBV co-infection ranges from 6-53% depending on sub-population, most common. Objective: To determine...
A cross-sectional molecular epidemiological study of Entamoeba species was conducted among asymptomatic Kenyan children with (n = 123) and without 111) HIV infection. The prevalence E. histolytica low (0.4%). infection inversely related [HIV(+): 29.3% vs.55.0%, P < 0.001]: multiple-species to higher CD4 T-cell counts. Thus, is not a risk factor for amebic infection, can be an indicator better immune status.