A5088710564- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Hepatitis C virus research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Infection Control in Healthcare
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Dental Research and COVID-19
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Pineapple and bromelain studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2015-2025
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
2022-2024
Hepatitis B Viral Infection (HBV) remains one of the leading cause morbidity and mortality globally accounting for 38-53% chronic liver diseases about 686,000 deaths annually. The prevalence HBV is 9-20% in Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya it 5-30% among general population 9.4% pregnant women. This study was aimed at identifying prevalence, awareness risk factors associated with infections women attending Antenatal clinic (ANC) Mbagathi District hospital, Nairobi.This a cross-sectional involving...
Viral hepatitis is a major concern worldwide, with A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses showing sporadic outbreaks while B (HBV) C (HCV) are associated chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study determined the proportion, geographic distribution molecular characterization of among patients seeking medical services at hospitals throughout Kenya. Patients presenting jaundice four selected were recruited (n = 389). Sera tested for presence antibody to through E, HBV surface...
The current global occurrence of dengue infection annually is approximately 400 million, with a case fatality rate 2.5%. However, there are no antiviral agents. Carica papaya leaf extract known for its medicinal value, due to the presence organic compounds that possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study determined anti-dengue effect C. silver synthesized nanoparticles. In this study, aqueous non-aqueous extractions were carried out, followed by synthesis...
Background A strategy to combat infectious diseases, including neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), will depend on the development of reliable epidemiological surveillance methods. To establish a simple and practical seroprevalence detection system, we developed microsphere-based multiplex immunoassay system evaluated utility using samples obtained in Kenya. Methods We immuno-assay simultaneously measure individual levels plasma antibody (IgG) against 8 antigens derived from 6 pathogens:...
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health risk. Despite the introduction of successful vaccines, which are normally single adjuvanted, there still some drawbacks, including non-responsiveness in certain groups, short durability immunity, inadequate protection, and need for additional doses to be addressed. This study aimed develop an optimized combination Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine Oligonucleotides (CPG-ODN2395, CPG-ODN-18281-2 23 mer) calcium phosphate, assess its...
Hand hygiene is known to be effective in preventing hospital and community-acquired infections. The increasing number of hand sanitizer brands Kenyan hospitals consumer outlets concern. Thus the main aim this study was evaluate anti-bacterial efficacy organoleptic properties these sanitizers Kenya.This an experimental, laboratory-based 14 different (coded HS1-14) available various retail Kenya. Efficacy evaluated using standard non-pathogenic Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus...
The emergence of drug-resistant strains Eimeria spp. calls for the development novel anticoccidial drugs. Plant extracts provide a possible natural source such This study aimed to investigate in vitro activity encapsulated bromelain (EB) chitosan nanocarriers on oocysts isolated from goats kept by farmers Kenya. Bromelain was extracted peel ripe pineapples using standard methods. were feces flotation method. inhibition sporulation assayed after exposing solutions EB, non-EB (NEB), and...
Although critical to prevent healthcare-associated infections, hand hygiene (HH) compliance is poor in resource-limited settings. In 2012, three Kenyan hospitals began onsite production of alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) and HH promotion. Our aim determine the impact local ABHR on perceptions ABHR. We observed 25,738 opportunities conducted 15 baseline post-intervention focus group discussions. Hand Hygiene increased from 28% (baseline) 38% (post-intervention, p = 0.0003). Healthcare workers...
The current study assessed the anticoccidial efficacy of chitosan nanoencapsulated bromelain (CNB) against coccidiosis in goats. Bromelain was extracted from pineapple peels using standard methods while oral solution CNB prepared manufacturing methods. vivo done on fifteen healthy male goats naturally infected with coccidia. were divided into three groups consisting treatment (90 and 270 mg/Kg CNB, Diclazuril, 5 mg/Kg). drugs administered orally for 3 days. Fecal Oocyst Counts (FOC)...
The use of saliva in diagnosis infectious diseases is an attractive alternative to procedures that involve blood drawing. It promises reduce risks associated with accidental needle pricks and improve patient compliance particularly malaria survey drug efficacy studies. Quantification parasitaemia useful establishing severity disease assessing individual response treatment. In current practice, microscopy the recommended technique, despite its limitations. This study measured levels...
The discovery of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, December 2019 raised global health warnings. Quickly, 2020, the virus crossed borders and infected individuals across world, evolving into COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, early signs virus's existence were observed various countries before initial outbreak Wuhan. As 12th April, respiratory disease had over 762 million people worldwide, with 6.8 deaths recorded. This has led scientists...
<ns3:p>Background Proof of effects Cytosine Phosphoguanine Oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), adjuvanted Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) vaccine on immune response is limited. This study aimed to assess the effect five CpG ODNs in HBV Vaccine-immunized BALB/c mice and identify most effective ODN adjuvant. Methods laboratory-based experimental was conducted using a total 36 female mice, which were clustered into 12 groups immunized intramuscularly. Group 1 with 18281-1 alone, group 2 plus 18281-1, 3...
The onset of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late presented a severe worldwide health crisis with widespread morbidity and mortality. Various vaccine platforms have been rapidly developed approved for broad use swift urgent response to prevent the transmission Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, these vaccines differ significantly terms safety. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination enhances safety compared homologous vaccination, although it could lead...
Life-threatening medical issues can result from snakebite, and hence this is a public health concern. In many tropical subtropical nations such as Kenya, where wide variety of poisonous snakes are prevalent, diagnosis snakebite in facilities imperative. Different antivenoms needed to treat the venom different snake species. Nonetheless, it might be difficult for professionals identify exact species that envenomated patient due similarities several envenomations' clinical symptoms. Therefore,...
Chikungunya (CHIK) is a mosquito-borne viral disease. In the 2004 CHIK outbreak in Kenya, diagnosis was delayed because of lack accurate diagnostics. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate an in-house IgM-capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (in-house ELISA) for detection chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections. Anti-CHIKV antibodies were raised rabbits, purified conjugated horseradish peroxidase. These anti-CHIKV cell-culture derived antigen used ELISA. To validate...
The administration of toxin-specific therapy in snake envenoming is predicated on improved diagnostic techniques capable detecting specific venom toxins. Various serological tests have been used snakebite envenoming. Comparatively, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has shown to offer a wider practical application. We report an inhibition ELISA for three-finger toxin (3FTx) proteins venoms African spitting cobras. optimized detected 3FTxs N. ashei (including other Naja sp.) venoms,...
Antivenom immunotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for snakebite envenoming. Most parts world affected by envenoming depend on broad-spectrum polyspecific antivenoms that are known to contain a low content case-specific efficacious immunoglobulins. Thus, advances in toxin-specific antibodies production hold much promise future therapeutic strategies We report anti-3FTxs monoclonal developed against N. ashei venom mice. All three test mAbs (P4G6a, P6D9a, and P6D9b) were found be IgG...
<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background: </ns4:bold>Vaccine adjuvants are used to increase the immunogenicity of weak antigens. Some saponins have adjuvant effects that exerted via their immune-stimulatory and production cytokines. Soybean (<ns4:italic>Glycine max (L.) Merr.)</ns4:italic> contains could provide affordable vaccine adjuvants. This study aimed assess effect saponin extracts soybean on immune system in BALB/c mice immunized with hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen...
Neutralization of lethality in mice model at the preclinical level has been established by World Health Organization as gold standard for evaluation antivenom efficacy. The assessment neutralization profiles antivenoms helps to discern efficacy or otherwise these neutralizing toxic effects induced medically significant snake venoms. However, many antivenoms, information on their remains limited. Therefore, strengthen global efforts reducing impact snakebite envenoming, provision especially...
Disturbances in the gut microbiota have been associated with onset and progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to determination Microbial Metagenomic Markers (T2DM) Patients Visiting South C Health Centre Nairobi Kenya. The adopted three basic objectives, namely, types abundance Bacteria Colonizing Gut T2DM, Pre-Diabetic, Non-Diabetic Centre, T2DM metagenomics markers based on identified genera abundances bacteria correlation between metagenomic prediabetes...