A5028293023- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Astro and Planetary Science
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
University of Pittsburgh
2018-2025
University of Virginia
2013-2019
McCormick (United States)
2014
Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung infection results in a complex multicellular structure: the granuloma. In some granulomas, immune activity promotes bacterial clearance, but others, bacteria persist and grow. We identified correlates of control cynomolgus macaque granulomas by co-registering longitudinal positron emission tomography computed imaging, single-cell RNA sequencing, measures clearance. Bacterial persistence occurred enriched for mast, endothelial, fibroblast, plasma cells,...
The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer has revealed a T8.5 brown dwarf (WISE J111838.70+312537.9) that exhibits common proper motion with solar-neighborhood (8 pc) quadruple star system—ξ Ursae Majoris. angular separation is 85, and the projected physical ≈4000 AU. sub-solar metallicity low chromospheric activity of ξ UMa A argue system an age at least 2 Gyr. infrared luminosity color suggests mass this companion ranges between 14 38 MJ for ages 8 Gyr, respectively.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health burden worldwide despite widespread intradermal (ID) BCG vaccination in newborns. We previously demonstrated that changing the route and dose from 5 × 105 CFUs ID to 107 i.v. resulted prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection TB disease highly susceptible nonhuman primates. Identifying immune mechanisms protection following will facilitate development more effective vaccines against TB. Here, we depleted lymphocyte subsets prior during Mtb...
A growing subset of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) show evidence for unexpected interaction with a dense circumstellar medium Ia-CSM). The precise nature the progenitor, however, remains debated owing to spectral ambiguities arising from strong contribution CSM interaction. Late-time spectra offer potential insight if post-shock cold, shell becomes sufficiently thin and/or ejecta begin cross reverse shock. To date, few high-quality this kind exist. Here we report on late-time optical and...
ABSTRACT We present new Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 m spectroscopic observations of the ∼88 GHz band, including emission from <?CDATA $\mathrm{CCH}(N=1\to 0)$?> <?MML <mml:math> <mml:mi>CCH</mml:mi> <mml:mspace width="0.50em"/> <mml:mo stretchy="true">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> stretchy="true">)</mml:mo> </mml:math>?> multiplet, HCN ( $J=1\to <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> ,...
In 2017 over 550,000 estimated new cases of multi-drug/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) occurred, emphasizing a need for treatment strategies. Linezolid (LZD) is potent antibiotic drug-resistant Gram-positive infections and an effective TB. However, extended LZD use can lead to LZD-associated host toxicities, most commonly bone marrow suppression. toxicities may be mediated by IL-1, inflammatory pathway important early immunity during M. infection. IL-1 contribute pathology...
Human immunodeficiency virus infection is the most common risk factor for severe forms of tuberculosis (TB), regardless CD4 T cell count. Using a well-characterized cynomolgus macaque model human TB, we compared radiographic, immunologic and microbiologic characteristics early (subclinical) reactivation latent M. (Mtb) among animals subsequently infected with simian (SIV) or who underwent anti-CD4 depletion by antibody. depleted had significantly fewer cells within granulomas to Mtb/SIV...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of (TB), is a global health concern, yearly resulting in 10 million new cases active TB. Immunologic investigation lung granulomas essential for understanding host control bacterial replication. Here, we identify and compare pathological, cellular, functional differences at 4, 12, 20 weeks post-infection Chinese cynomolgus macaques. Original differ transcription-factor expression within adaptive lymphocytes, with those 12 showing higher...
We present IRAM-30m Telescope $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO observations of a sample 55 luminous ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs ULIRGs) in the local universe. This is subset Great Observatory All-Sky LIRG Survey (GOALS), for which we use ancillary multi-wavelength data to better understand their interstellar medium star formation properties. Fifty-three (96%) are detected $^{12}$CO, 29 (52%) also above 3$\sigma$ level. The median full width at zero intensity (FWZI) velocity CO line...
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the deadliest infectious diseases in world, causing ~1.5 million deaths every year. The World Health Organization initiated an End TB Strategy that aims reduce TB-related 2035 by 95%. Recent research goals have focused on discovering more effective and patient-friendly antibiotic drug regimens increase patient compliance decrease emergence resistant TB. Moxifloxacin is promising may improve current standard regimen shortening treatment time. Clinical...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite widespread intradermal (ID) BCG vaccination in newborns. We previously demonstrated that changing the route dose from 5×10
Tuberculosis (TB) relapse after appropriate drug treatment is poorly understood but critical to developing shorter regimens. Using a cynomolgus macaque model of human TB, macaques with active TB disease were treated short course isoniazid and rifampin subsequently infected SIV. Serial clinical, microbiologic, immunologic position emission computed tomography (PET CT) assessments performed identify risk factors relapse. Of the 12 animals, eight developed radiologically defined including four...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative infectious agent of (TB), kills more individuals per year than any other agent. Granulomas, hallmark Mtb infection, are complex structures that form in lungs, composed immune cells surrounding bacteria, infected cells, and a caseous necrotic core. While granulomas serve to physically contain immunologically restrain bacteria growth, some unable control leading leaving granuloma disseminating, either resulting additional formation (local or...
The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)—one of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III programs—is using near-infrared (NIR) spectra ∼100,000 red giant branch star candidates to study structure Milky Way. In course survey, APOGEE also acquires hot field stars serve as telluric calibrators for primary science targets. We report serendipitous discovery two rare, fast-rotating B-stars σ Ori E type among those blue observed during first year operations. Both discovered...
The Type IIn supernova SN 2010jl was relatively nearby and luminous, allowing detailed studies of the near-infrared (NIR) emission. We present 1 - 2.4 micron spectroscopy over age range 36 565 days from earliest detection supernova. On day 36, H lines show an unresolved narrow emission component along with a symmetric broad that can be modeled as result electron scattering by thermal distribution electrons. Over next hundreds days, components shift to blue 700 km/s, is also observed in...
Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) still is the principal cause of death from infectious disease and improved vaccination strategies are required to reduce burden break TB transmission. Here, we investigated different routes administration vectored subunit vaccines based on chimpanzee-derived adenovirus serotype-3 (ChAd3) for homologous prime-boosting modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) heterologous boosting with both vaccine vectors expressing same antigens Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Ag85B,...
ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged at the end of 2019 and is responsible for largest human pandemic in 100 years. Thirty-four vaccines are currently approved use worldwide, approximately 67% world population has received a complete primary series one, yet countries dealing with new waves infections, variant viruses continue to emerge, breakthrough infections frequent secondary waning immunity. Here, we evaluate measles virus (MV)-vectored vaccine...
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the leading causes death due to an infectious agent. Coinfection with HIV exacerbates M. tuberculosis infection outcomes in people living HIV. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), only approved TB vaccine, effective infants, but its efficacy adolescents and adults limited. In this study, we investigated immune responses elicited BCG administered via i.v. or intradermal (i.d.) routes SIV-infected Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM)...
Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung infection results in a complex multicellular structure, the granuloma. In some granulomas, immune activity promotes bacterial clearance; others, bacteria persist and grow. We identified correlates of control cynomolgus macaque granulomas by co-registering longitudinal PET-CT imaging, single-cell RNA-sequencing, measures clearance. find that persistence occurs enriched for mast, endothelial, fibroblast plasma cells, signaling amongst themselves via...