A5053753482- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Soybean genetics and cultivation
- Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Chromium effects and bioremediation
- Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2024
Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital
2024
Harvard University
2020-2024
Massachusetts General Hospital
2024
Wellcome Trust
2024
Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network
2024
Hospital for Tropical Diseases
2024
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
2024
Center for Systems Biology
2024
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
2021-2022
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant rose to dominance in mid-2021, likely propelled by an estimated 40%–80% increased transmissibility over Alpha. To investigate if this ostensible difference is uniform across populations, we partner with public health programs from all six states New England the United States. We compare logistic growth rates during each variant's respective emergence period, finding that emerged 1.37–2.63 times faster than Alpha (range states). compute variant-specific effective...
An outbreak of over 1,000 COVID-19 cases in Provincetown, Massachusetts (MA), July 2021-the first large mostly vaccinated individuals the US-prompted a comprehensive public health response, motivating changes to national masking recommendations and raising questions about infection transmission among individuals. To address these questions, we combined viral genomic epidemiological data from 467 individuals, including 40% outbreak-associated cases. The Delta variant accounted for 99% this...
Human immunodeficiency virus infection is the most common risk factor for severe forms of tuberculosis (TB), regardless CD4 T cell count. Using a well-characterized cynomolgus macaque model human TB, we compared radiographic, immunologic and microbiologic characteristics early (subclinical) reactivation latent M. (Mtb) among animals subsequently infected with simian (SIV) or who underwent anti-CD4 depletion by antibody. depleted had significantly fewer cells within granulomas to Mtb/SIV...
The costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 affect the differentiation of Th l Th2 subsets in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, an autoimmune disorder. It is reported that costimulator significantly affects disease outcome Leishmania major infection, a classic model subset polarization. Treatment both L. major-resistant (C57BL/6) susceptible (BALB/c) strains mice with anti-CD86 substantially decreased parasite burden. This was accompanied, BALB/c mice, by decrease cytokines. In...
Genomic dissection of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens has largely focused on genetic changes conferring growth above a single critical concentration drug. However, reduced susceptibility to antibiotics—even below this breakpoint—is associated with poor treatment outcomes the clinic, including tuberculosis. Clinical strains Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit extensive quantitative variation but basis behind spectrum drug remains ill-defined. Through genome wide association study,...
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an extensively studied RNA known to infect tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and other solanaceous crops. TMV has been classified as a seedborne in tobacco, with infection of developing seedlings thought occur from contact the TMV-infected seed coat. The mechanism transmission through was K 326 cultivar flue-cured tobacco. Cross pollinations were performed determine effect parental tissue on seed. Dissection individual seeds into coat, endosperm, embryo location...
Water-based metal-working fluids used in large-scale industrial operations consist of many components, but the most commonly formulations only three classes components are present high enough concentrations that they could, principle, provide carbon to support bacterial densities (10 9 CFU/ml) often observed contaminated factory fluids. These petroleum oil (1 5%), sulfonates (0.1 0.5%), and fatty acids (less than 0.1%, mainly linoleic oleic supplied as tall oils). We isolated pure strains...
On New Zealand dairy farms the level of pasture renewal has been estimated at 6% and 8%, with one analysis suggesting greater levels would benefit economy. There is little research on how farmers set a level, but we suggest five main drivers: crop requirement, historical, an event response, development cost/benefit driven. This paper presents case study using approach to for Willsden farm in Canterbury, which renewed 28% 38% property last 2 seasons. this spray-drilling Italian ryegrass shown...
There is growing evidence that genetic diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of contributes to outcomes infection and public health interventions, such as vaccination. Epidemiological studies suggest among phylogeographic lineages M. strains belonging a sublineage Lineage 2 (mL2) are associated with concerning clinical features, including hypervirulence, treatment failure, vaccine escape. The global expansion increasing prevalence this has been attributed selective...
Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus infection is the most common risk factor for severe forms of tuberculosis (TB), regardless CD4 T cell count. Using a well-characterized cynomolgus macaque model human TB, we compared radiographic, immunologic and microbiologic characteristics early (subclinical) reactivation latent M. ( Mtb ) among animals subsequently infected with simian (SIV) or who underwent anti-CD4 depletion by antibody. depleted had significantly fewer cells within granulomas to...
ABSTRACT Multiple summer events, including large indoor gatherings, in Provincetown, Massachusetts (MA), July 2021 contributed to an outbreak of over one thousand COVID-19 cases among residents and visitors. Most were fully vaccinated, many whom also symptomatic, prompting a comprehensive public health response, motivating changes national masking recommendations, raising questions about infection transmission vaccinated individuals. To characterize the viral population underlying it, we...
Decisions as to the disposition of swine carcasses with lesions attributable a mycobacterial infection are based upon lesion criterion which is used diagnostic test by federal meat inspectors. Using this criterion, inspector classified 58 100 pigs "passed for cooking" and other 42 passed. Of passed cooking passed, isolations were made from lymph nodes 33 15 animals, respectively. The has following attributes: 70% sensitive; 53% specific; 23% index performance; 57% positive accuracy; 67%...
Abstract Background Combatting the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic caused by Mycobacterium ( Mtb ) necessitates a better understanding of factors contributing to patient clinical outcomes and transmission. While host environmental have been evaluated, impact genetic background phenotypic diversity is underexplored. Previous work has made associations between lineages some epidemiological features, but bacterial traits underlying these connections are largely unknown. Methods We developed...
Abstract Two years after establishment, areas of low vigour (LV) were noticed within a white clover (Trifolium repens)/ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pasture. These became progressively larger, and, two later, the pasture had vigour, comprising only 3% clover. Clover tissue nitrogen and phosphorus levels greater in high (HV) than LV herbage. There no differences (P > 0.05) "total" bacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads, or proportions deleterious bacteria HV roots (mean logio CFUs for total count...
The hypothesis that eating pork from animals infected with organisms of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex is a significant cause human mycobacteriosis was examined by skin testing students purified protein derivative M. intracellulare to determine their sensitivity avium-intracellulare. No differences in could be demonstrated between those individuals who had never eaten and ate routinely. It concluded this population did not involve pork.
Abstract Eleven strains of rhizobacteria (eight Pseudomonas spp. and three Enterobacter spp.) isolated from the rhizoplanes white clover (Trifolium repens L.) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne plants New Zealand pastures, were tested in vitro for toxic metabolites that inhibit root growth. Ten bacteria inhibited growth seedlings, whereas only four seedlings. One most inhibitory was identified as asplenii. The culture filtrates bacterial heat tolerance. Toxic activity destroyed by...
TPS2594 Background: BAL101553 is the pro-drug of BAL27862, a novel small molecule TCC that promotes tumor cell death by modulating spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). In completed Phase 1 (P1) study, pre- and post-treatment biopsies revealed antiproliferative vascular disrupting PD effects with administered as 2-hour intravenous infusion1. The time profile transient blood pressure elevations linked drug to Cmax, while preclinical data suggest on proliferation are AUC-mediated; toxicity was...