Rechargeable batteries based on multivalent cations (e.g., Mg2+ and Al3+) have attracted increased interest in recent years because of the merits natural abundance, low cost, good chemical safety, larger capacity. Among these batteries, Ca-ion battery (CIB) shows attractive priority Ca2+ has closest reduction potential (-2.87 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)), to that Li (-3.04 SHE), enabling a wide voltage window for full battery. However, most working (below 2 V), as well poor...

Abstract An effective one‐pot method for the conversion of carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide, and amines to 3‐aryl‐2‐oxazolidinones has been developed. This consists two parallel reactions a subsequent cascade reaction between products corresponding reactions. Notably, binary ionic liquids 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium bromide acetate demonstrate synergistic catalytic effect on this new strategy. 1‐Butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium is essential in owing good nucleophilicity leaving ability bromide,...

Abstract An intermolecular synergistic catalytic combination of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) and a DBU‐derived bromide ionic liquid has been developed for the conversion CO 2 , epoxides, amines under metal‐ solvent‐free conditions. Various 3‐aryl‐2‐oxazolidinones are produced in moderate to excellent yields within short reaction time. NMR spectroscopy DFT calculations demonstrate that DBU as hydrogen bond acceptor donor activate substrates cooperatively by inducing bonds promote...

Abstract A series of novel halogen‐functionalized imidazolium halides were successfully designed and synthesized by grafting halogenated hydrocarbons on the side chain applied to catalyze intermolecular dehydration alcohols. Under metal‐free, acid‐free, solvent‐free, mild conditions in an air atmosphere, 1‐(4‐bromobutyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide was found efficiently etherification monohydric alcohols diols, as well synthesis certain unsymmetrical ethers. Interestingly, immiscibility...

Abstract We have investigated the reactions of cyclic carbonates/trithiocarbonate and aromatic amines in presence a basic ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate (BmimOAc), which produced various carbamates/dithiocarbonimidates fairly good to excellent yields. The use BmimOAc as catalyst here not only offers an effective approach synthesis target compounds, but also avoids conventional toxic materials. By means carbonates amines, 3‐aryloxazolidin‐2‐ones,...

A selective procedure for the synthesis of 5‐substituted N ‐aryloxazolidinones by coupling epoxides with arylcarbamates catalyzed ionic liquids has been developed. The effects reaction time, reactant molar ratio, amount catalyst, and temperature were investigated. Under optimal conditions, BmimOAc exhibited efficient catalytic activity compared other leading to formation in excellent yields. In addition, chiral oxazolidinones synthesized this good‐to‐excellent yields enantiomeric excesses...

Depression and anxiety are frequently observed in patients suffering from neuropathic pain. The underlying mechanisms remained unclear. ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) has attracted considerable interest its role antidepressive effect rodents. In the present study, we further investigated of VLO anxiodepressive consequences pain a chronic constriction injury infraorbital nerve–induced trigeminal neuralgia (TN) mouse model. Elevated plus maze, open field, forced swimming, tail suspension,...

Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have recently attracted growing attention as next-generation energy storage devices; however, their development is hindered by the poor rate and cycling performance because of sluggish K+ diffusion kinetics. In this work, we first design a Na+/K+ hybridization strategy facile ion-exchange using 4A molecular sieve both an ion exchanger dehydrant to greatly enhance electrochemical performances KIB. By adjusting adding amount sieve, Na+ content in electrolyte can...

Abstract Fischer esterification referred to the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols, which was generally catalyzed by Brönsted or Lewis acidic catalysts. Basic ionic liquids with nucleophilic anion were considered incapable catalyzing this due sufficiency electrons lack ionizable protons. Herein, bisimidazolium tungstates found be able catalyze ethylene glycol (EG) benzoic acid relying on WO 4 2− anion. The mechanism studies indicated that C 6 H 5 COO − H−WO anionic intermediate formed...

Sn/Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (Sn@N-G) composites have been successfully synthesized via a facile method for lithium-ion batteries. Compared with the Sn or Sn/graphene anodes, Sn@N-G anode exhibits superb rate capability of 535 mAh g-1 at 2C and cycling stability up to 300 cycles 0.5C. The improved lithium-storage performance could be ascribed effective wrapping, which accommodates large volume change during charge-discharge process, while nitrogen doping increases electronic...

The one‐pot reactions of CO 2 , epibromohydrin, and phenols, thiophenols, or carboxylic acids catalyzed by 1‐butyl‐3‐[(3‐hydroxyphenyl)methyl]imidazolium bromide were investigated. Three kinds cyclic carbonates with ether, thioether, ester groups synthesized under mild reaction conditions in good‐to‐high yields. Reaction‐mechanism studies indicated that the proton exchange between alkoxide formed through ring‐opening epibromohydrin 1‐bromo‐3‐phenoxy‐2‐propanol plays a crucial role this...

In the conventional vapor−liquid−solid (VLS) growth process, wires or whiskers grown from liquid catalyst droplets are always in solid state. Here, we report synthesis of a silicon-based periodic nanowire structure using volume-changing Sn particle as catalyst. Contrary to common VLS nanostructure was instead governed by head consisting mixture and liquid, segments periodically appeared Si nanowires during process. The catalyzed secondary branching primary nanowires. result reveals clearly...

The interaction between an moving edge dislocation and helium bubble was studied in BCC-Fe using Molecular dynamics（MD）simulation. Edge passed the via cut mechanism. A step with a length of b is left on both sides after away. influence simulation temperature, defect size He/V ratio critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for to were investigated. CRSS increases increasing sizes, decreases temperature. When at range 0-1, depends weakly ratio. estimated obstacle strength based MD simulations...

The segregation of certain impurities to grain boundaries (GBs) which induced by neutron irradiation in Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) steels may have adverse effects upon their mechanical properties. In this work, ten symmetrical <110> and <001> tilt GBs BCC Fe were created based on Coincident Site Lattice method, the embrittling potency was simulated adding phosphorus, copper, nickel, manganese free surface (FS) using molecular static method. We addressed both high- low-angle boundaries....

The degradation of austenitic stainless steels under irradiation environment is a known problem for nuclear reactors, which starts from atoms displacement cascade. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to investigate the formation atomic cascade in γ-iron energies primary knock-on atom (PKA) up 40 keV at 300 K. number Frenkel pairs increased sharply until peak value was reached, occurred time range 0.1-2 ps. After that, defects gradually decreased and became stabilized....