A5045024467- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Poisoning and overdose treatments
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2021-2025
Research Institute of Influenza
2024
King's College London
2024
Utrecht University
2024
The University of Melbourne
2024
Guy's Hospital
2024
University of Cambridge
2017-2020
Natural History Museum
2014-2016
Imperial College London
2014
BackgroundTo develop an effective vaccine against a novel viral pathogen, it is important to understand the longitudinal antibody responses its first infection. Here we performed study of SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients.MethodsSequential blood samples were collected from 39 individuals at various timepoints between 0 and 154 days after onset. IgG or IgM titers receptor binding domain (RBD) S protein, ectodomain N protein determined by using ELISA. Neutralizing measured plaque reduction...
Treatment options for non-hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to reduce morbidity, mortality and spread of the are an urgent global need. The over-the-counter histamine-2 receptor antagonist famotidine is a putative therapy COVID-19. We quantitively assessed longitudinal changes in patient reported outcome measures COVID-19 who self-administered high-dose orally.Patients were enrolled consecutively after signing written informed consent. Data on demographics,...
BackgroundWorld Health Organisation (WHO) and USA Centers for Disease Control Prevention (U.S. CDC) recommendations now allow simultaneous administration of COVID-19 other vaccines. We compared antibody responses after coadministration influenza bivalent vaccines in the same (ipsilateral) arm vs. different (contralateral) arms.MethodsPre- post-vaccination serum samples from individuals Prospective Assessment a Community (PACC) cohort were used to conduct haemaglutination inhibition (HI)...
Paleontological systematics relies heavily on morphological data that have undergone decay and fossilization. Here, we apply a heuristic means to assess how fossil's incompleteness detracts from inferring its phylogenetic relationships. We compiled matrix for primates simulated the extinction of living species by deleting an extant taxon's molecular keeping only those characters present in actual fossils. The choice given taxon (the subject) was defined fossil template). By measuring...
The continual emergence of novel influenza A strains from non-human hosts requires constant vigilance and the need for ongoing research to identify that may pose a human public health risk. Since 1999, canine H3 viruses (CIVs) have caused many thousands or millions respiratory infections in dogs United States. While no with CIVs been reported date, these could zoonotic In studies, National Institutes Allergy Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Centers Excellence Influenza Research Surveillance...
Abstract Background US recommendations for COVID‐19 vaccine boosters have expanded in terms of age groups covered and numbers doses recommended, whereas evolution Omicron sublineages raises questions about ongoing effectiveness. Methods We estimated effectiveness monovalent mRNA booster vaccination versus two‐dose primary series during a period variant virus circulation community cohort with active illness surveillance. Hazard ratios comparing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection between vaccinated...
In 2022 and 2023, novel reassortant H3N8 influenza viruses infected three people, marking the first human infections with of this subtype.
Influenza B viruses pose a significant threat to global public health, leading severe respiratory infections in humans and, some cases, death. During the last 50 years, influenza of two antigenically distinct lineages (termed 'Victoria' and 'Yamagata') have circulated humans, necessitating different vaccine strains. In this study, we devised novel strategy involving reciprocal amino acid substitutions at sites where Victoria- Yamagata-lineage differ, generation 'hybrid' with potential...
Influenza A(H3N2) virus rapidly evolves to evade human immune responses, resulting in changes the antigenicity of haemagglutinin (HA). Therefore, continuous genetic and antigenic analyses are necessary detect mutants as quickly possible.We attempted phylogenetically antigenically capture epidemic trend infection Yokohama, Japan during 2016/17 2017/18 influenza seasons.We determined HA sequences viruses detected seasons identify amino acid substitutions loss or gain potential N-glycosylation...
ABSTRACT Predicting T cell receptor (TCR) activation is challenging due to the lack of both unbiased benchmarking datasets and computational methods that are sensitive small mutations a peptide. To address these challenges, we curated comprehensive database, called BATCAVE, encompassing complete single amino acid mutational assays more than 22,000 TCR-peptide pairs, centered around 25 immunogenic human mouse epitopes, across major histocompatibility complex classes, against 151 TCRs. We then...
We investigated dental homologies, development, and growth in living fossil hyracoids tested if other mammals show correlations between eruption patterns, gestation time, age at maturity. Unlike species, simultaneously possess replaced P1 canine teeth. Fossil species also have shorter crowns, an I3/i3, I2, a hypoconulid on m3. Prenatal specimens of the Procavia capensis Heterohyrax brucei up to three tooth buds posterior dI1 anterior seven upper cheek teeth that consistently erupt; erupted...
Reduced COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) has been observed with increasing predominance of SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant. Two-dose VE against laboratory-confirmed infection (symptomatic and asymptomatic) was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models time-varying vaccination status in a prospective rural community cohort 1266 participants aged ≥12 years. Between November 3, 2020 December 7, 2021, 56% for mRNA vaccines overall, 65% Moderna, 50% Pfizer-BioNTech. when...
Mutations accumulate in influenza A virus proteins, especially the main epitopes on surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). For A(H3N2) viruses, particular, antigenicity of their HA has altered since emergence 1968, requiring changes vaccine strains every few years. Most adults have been exposed to several antigenically divergent H3N2 viruses through infection and/or vaccination, and those exposures affect immune responses individuals. However, animal models reflecting this 'immune history'...
We isolated 77 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses during routine surveillance in live poultry markets northern provinces of Vietnam from 2018 to 2021. These are the H5N6 subtype and belong HA clades 2.3.4.4g 2.3.4.4h. Interestingly, we did not detect clade 2.3.4.4b, which recent years have dominated different parts world. The this current study do encode major determinants mammalian adaptation (e.g., PB2-E627K or PB1-D701N) but possess amino acid substitutions that may affect viral...
The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus that emerged in 2009 causes seasonal epidemic worldwide. acquired several amino acid substitutions were responsible for antigenic drift until the 2018-2019 season. Viruses possessing mutations NA and PA proteins cause reduced susceptibility to inhibitors baloxavir marboxil, respectively, have been detected after antiviral treatment, albeit infrequently. Here, we analyzed HA, NA, sequences derived from viruses isolated during 2019-2020 seasons Japan. We found...
Routine surveillance in live poultry markets the northern regions of Vietnam from 2016 to 2017 resulted isolation 27 highly pathogenic avian H5N1 and H5N6 viruses 3 different clades (2.3.2.1c, 2.3.4.4f, 2.3.4.4g). Sequence phylogenetic analysis these revealed reassortment with various subtypes low influenza viruses. Deep-sequencing identified minor viral subpopulations encoding variants that may affect pathogenicity sensitivity antiviral drugs. Interestingly, mice infected two clade 2.3.2.1c...
Assays using ELISA measurements on serially diluted serum samples have been heavily used to measure reactivity SARS-CoV-2 antigens and are widely in virology elsewhere biology. We test a method Bayesian hierarchical modelling reduce the workload of these assays HCoV human collected before during COVID-19 pandemic. Inflection titers for full-length spike protein (S1S2), receptor-binding domain (RBD), nucleoprotein (N) inferred from 3 spread-out dilutions correlated with those 8 consecutive an R
Oceanic archipelagos typically harbour extensive radiations of flowering plants and a high proportion endemics, many which are restricted to single island (Single Island Endemics; SIEs). The Azores represents an anomaly as overall levels endemism low; there few SIEs documented cases intra-archipelago radiations. distinctiveness the flora was first recognized by Darwin has been referred 'Azores Diversity Enigma' (ADE). patterns in Macaronesian endemic genus Pericallis (Asteraceae) exemplify...
Influenza viruses continually acquire mutations in the antigenic epitopes of their major viral antigen, surface glycoprotein haemagglutinin (HA), allowing evasion from immunity humans induced upon prior influenza virus infections or vaccinations. Consequently, strains used for vaccine production must be updated frequently. To better understand evolution viruses, we introduced random into HA head region (where immunodominant are located) a pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm) 2015 and incubated it with...
Avian influenza viruses of the H6 subtype are prevalent in wild ducks and likely play an important role ecology through reassortment with other avian viruses. Yet, only 152 Vietnamese virus sequences were available GISAID (Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data) prior to this study most recent being from 2018. Through surveillance live bird markets 2018 2021, we identified 287 samples containing one or several A subtypes, demonstrating a high rate co-infections among birds markets....
Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses globally impact wild and domestic birds, mammals, including humans, underscoring their pandemic potential. The antigenic evolution of the hemagglutinin (HA) poses challenges for preparedness vaccine design. Here, global HA was captured in a high-resolution map. map used to engineer immunogenic antigenically central antigens, eliciting antibody responses that broadly cover space. In ferrets, antigen protected as well homologous vaccines...
Abstract T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity enables the orchestration of antigen-specific immune responses against vast space possible pathogens. Identifying TCR/antigen binding pairs from large TCR and antigen is crucial for biomedical research. Here, we introduce copepodTCR , an open-access tool design interpretation high-throughput experimental assays to determine specificity. implements a combinatorial peptide pooling scheme efficient testing overlapping libraries, useful...
Abstract We assessed serum neutralization of Omicron BA.5 in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Delta or BA.1/BA.2 variant period. Convalescent titers were higher infections vs period, and vaccinated unvaccinated children. Titers against did not differ by age group.