A5069515220- Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
- Radioactive contamination and transfer
- Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Nuclear and radioactivity studies
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Nuclear Issues and Defense
- Radiation Effects and Dosimetry
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
- Radiology practices and education
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Risk Perception and Management
- Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Advances in Oncology and Radiotherapy
- Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Disaster Response and Management
- BRCA gene mutations in cancer
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging
National Cancer Institute
2016-2025
National Institutes of Health
2015-2025
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
2009-2022
Cancer Institute (WIA)
2008-2022
National Cancer Institute
2003-2021
United States Department of Energy
2013-2021
Hôpital des Enfants
2020
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse
2020
United States Department of Health and Human Services
2006-2018
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
2017
Radioactive iodine (RAI) has been used extensively to treat hyperthyroidism since the 1940s. Although widely considered a safe and effective therapy, RAI associated with elevated risks of total site-specific cancer death among patients hyperthyroidism.To determine whether greater organ- or tissue-absorbed doses from treatment are overall mortality in hyperthyroidism.This cohort study is 24-year extension multicenter Cooperative Thyrotoxicosis Therapy Follow-up Study, which followed up US UK...
Over one million European children undergo computed tomography (CT) scans annually. Although moderate- to high-dose ionizing radiation exposure is an established risk factor for hematological malignancies, risks at CT examination dose levels remain uncertain. Here we followed up a multinational cohort (EPI-CT) of 948,174 individuals who underwent examinations before age 22 years in nine countries. Radiation doses the active bone marrow were estimated on basis body part scanned, patient...
Although high-dose ionising radiation is associated with increased breast cancer risks, the association protracted low-dose-rate exposures remains unclear. The US Radiologic Technologist study provides an opportunity to examine between low-to-moderate dose and incidence mortality.One thousand nine hundred twenty-two self-reported first primary cancers were diagnosed during 1983-2005 among 66 915 female technologists, 586 deaths occurred 1983-2008 83 538 cohort members. Occupational estimates...
Purpose: To develop a computed tomography (CT) organ dose estimation method designed to readily provide doses in reference adult male and female for different scan ranges investigate the degree which existing commercial programs can reasonably match defined these more anatomically realistic hybrid phantoms Methods: The x‐ray fan beam SOMATOM Sensation 16 multidetector CT scanner was simulated within Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNPX2.6 . model validated through comparison with...
Following more than a decade of scientific debate about the setting standard for 222Rn in drinking water, Congress established timetable promulgation 1996 Amendments to Safe Drinking Water Act. As result those Amendments, EPA contracted with National Academy Sciences undertake risk assessment exposure radon water. In addition, resulting committee was asked address several other issues including national average ambient concentration and increment indoor-air arising from use water home. A new...
Nuclear weapons testing conducted at Bikini and Enewetak Atolls during 1946-1958 resulted in exposures of the resident population present-day Republic Marshall Islands to radioactive fallout. This paper summarizes results a thorough systematic reconstruction radiation doses that population, by year, age exposure, atoll residence, related cancer risks. Detailed methods are presented series companion papers this volume. From our analysis, we concluded 20 66 nuclear tests or near measurable...
In this article, we describe recent methodological enhancements and findings from the dose reconstruction component of a study health risks among U.S. radiologic technologists. An earlier version dosimetry published in 2006 used physical statistical models, literature-reported exposure measurements for years before 1960, archival personnel monitoring badge data cohort members through 1984. The models previously described were to estimate annual occupational radiation doses 90,000...
Dosimetic uncertainties, particularly those that are shared among subgroups of a study population, can bias, distort or reduce the slope significance dose response. Exposure estimates in studies health risks from environmental radiation exposures generally highly uncertain and thus, susceptible to these methodological limitations. An analysis was published 2008 concerning radiation-related thyroid nodule prevalence population 2,994 villagers under age 21 years old between August 1949...
Retrospective dose estimation, particularly reconstruction that supports epidemiological investigations of health risk, relies on various strategies include models physical processes and exposure conditions with detail ranging from simple to complex. Quantification uncertainty is an essential component assessments for risk studies since, as well understood, it impossible retrospectively determine the true each person. To address in numerical simulation tools have become commonplace there now...
Previous analyses of cataract in radiation-exposed populations have assessed relative risk; radiogenic excess additive risk (EAR), arguably more public health importance, has not been estimated. analysis a large prospective cohort US radiologic technologists (USRT) quantified relation to occupational radiation dose. We aim assess EARs cataract.We estimated cataract/cataract surgery the USRT using generalised models exposure, and modification by priori-selected factors (diabetes, body mass...
Data have been collected and physical statistical models constructed to estimate unknown occupational radiation doses among 90,000 members of the U.S. Radiologic Technologists cohort who responded a baseline questionnaire during mid-1980s. Since availability dose data differed by calendar period, different were developed applied for years worked before 1960, 1960- 1976 1977-1984. The estimation used available film-badge measurements (approximately 350,000) individual members, information...
Abstract Exposure to ionizing radiation has been consistently associated with increased risk of female breast cancer. Although the majority DNA damage caused by is corrected base‐excision repair pathway, certain types multiple‐base can only be repaired through nucleotide excision pathway. In a nested case–control study cancer in US radiologic technologists exposed low levels (858 cases, 1,083 controls), we examined whether conferred was modified gene polymorphisms ERCC2 (XPD ) rs13181, ERCC4...
Although diagnostic x-ray procedures provide important medical benefits, cancer risks associated with their exposure are also possible, but not well characterized. The US Radiologic Technologists Study (1983–2006) is a nationwide, prospective cohort study extensive questionnaire data on history of personal imaging collected prior to diagnosis. We used Cox proportional hazard regressions estimate thyroid related the number and type selected procedures. assessed potential modifying effects age...
Chromosome translocations are a well-recognized biological marker of radiation exposure and cancer risk. However, there is uncertainty about the lowest dose at which excess can be detected, whether temporal decay induced in radiation-exposed populations. Dosimetric uncertainties substantially alter shape dose-response relationships; although regression-calibration methods have been used some datasets, these not applied radio-occupational studies, where also complex patterns shared unshared...
The 1986 accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant remains most serious in history, and excess thyroid cancers, particularly among those exposed to releases of iodine-131 remain best-documented sequelae. Failure take dose-measurement error into account can lead bias assessments dose-response slope. Although risks Ukrainian-US screening study have been previously evaluated, errors dose not addressed hitherto. Dose-response patterns were examined a prevalence cohort 13,127 persons aged <18...