A5040481149- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Corneal surgery and disorders
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Malaria Research and Control
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Birth, Development, and Health
Harvard University
2014-2024
Harvard Global Health Institute
2016-2024
Harvard University Press
2001-2020
Oxford Policy Management
2018
University of Oxford
2018
International HIV/AIDS Alliance
2018
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2006-2015
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
2000-2015
Boston Children's Hospital
2015
Management and Development for Health
2014
<h3>Purpose:</h3> Quantitative assessment of nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness in normal and glaucomatous eyes, correlation with conventional measurements the optic structure function. <h3>Methods:</h3> We studied 59 eyes 33 subjects by ophthalmologic physical examination, Humphrey 24-2 visual fields, stereoscopic head photography, optical coherence tomography. <h3>Results:</h3> Nerve as measured tomography demonstrated a high degree functional status nerve, field examination...
To examine how a healthy lifestyle is related to life expectancy that free from major chronic diseases.Prospective cohort study.The Nurses' Health Study (1980-2014; n=73 196) and the Professionals Follow-Up (1986-2014; n=38 366).Five low risk factors: never smoking, body mass index 18.5-24.9, moderate vigorous physical activity (≥30 minutes/day), alcohol intake (women: 5-15 g/day; men 5-30 g/day), higher diet quality score (upper 40%).Life of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer.The...
Results from observational studies suggest that micronutrient status is a determinant of the progression human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease.
Animal and in vitro studies suggest that aspirin may inhibit breast cancer metastasis. We studied whether use among women with decreased their risk of death from cancer.This was a prospective observational study based on responses 4,164 female registered nurses the Nurses' Health Study who were diagnosed stages I, II, or III between 1976 2002 observed until June 2006, whichever came first. The main outcome mortality according to number days per week (0, 1, 2 5, 6 7 days) first assessed at...
<h3>Objectives</h3> To longitudinally evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT) peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements and to compare these across time with clinical status automated perimetry. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective evaluation of 64 eyes (37 patients) glaucoma suspects or patients participating in a prospective longitudinal study. All participants underwent comprehensive assessment, visual field (VF) testing, OCT every 6 months. Field progression was...
Few studies have examined whether activity and adiposity levels typical of American women affect their risk ovulatory disorder infertility, none has moderate vigorous intensity exercise separately. We investigated these associations in the Nurses’ Health Study II, comparing prospectively collected data on for 830 cases incident infertility 26,125 pregnancies. observed a U-shaped association between body mass index (BMI) relative with increased BMI below 20.0 or above 24.0 kg/m2. On basis...
• In a case-control study using an exploratory health questionnaire, we examined the relationship between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and variety of personal characteristics potential toxic exposures in patients general eye service. There were 83 with definite POAG, 121 POAG suspects, 237 controls. Using multiple logistic regression analysis for simultaneous evaluation risk factors, found that black race (rate ratio = 6.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8 to 16.0) untreated systolic...
Background : The Gail et al. model is considered the best available means for estimating an individual woman's risk of developing breast cancer. Such estimates are useful in decision making on part women, designing prevention trials, and targeting screening efforts. Purpose Our purpose was to evaluate ability accurately predict cancer risk, using a large population independent one from which derived. Methods We compared number cases predicted by actual observed Nurses' Health Study. study...
Many different subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 have been identified, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, much remains unknown regarding the relative pathogenicity these and their influence on clinical progression HIV infection. We examined prospectively associations between HIV-1 A, C, D recombinant viruses, as well rates disease a cohort seropositive women from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.A total 428 pregnant mothers participating larger controlled trial effect...
Background Vitamin D has a potential role in slowing HIV disease progression and preventing mortality based on its extensive involvement the immune system; however, this relationship not been examined large studies or resource-limited settings. Methodology/Principal Findings levels were assessed 884 HIV-infected pregnant women at enrollment trial of multivitamin supplementation (not including vitamin D) Tanzania. Women followed up for median 69.5 months, information hemoglobin levels,...
Urban areas in Africa suffer a serious problem with dual burden of infectious diseases and emerging chronic such as cardiovascular (CVD) diabetes which pose threat to population health care resources. However East Africa, there is limited literature this research area. The objective study was examine the prevalence disease risk factors their correlates among adults Temeke, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Results will help inform future potential preventive therapeutic interventions against...
Vitamin D is a strong immunomodulator and may protect against adverse pregnancy outcomes, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), child mortality.A total 884 HIV-infected pregnant women who were participating in vitamin supplementation trial Tanzania monitored to assess outcomes mortality. The association these with maternal status at enrollment was examined an observational analysis.No observed between including low birth weight preterm birth. In...
Objective: To determine the relationship between sex and antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes in an urban Tanzanian setting. Design: Longitudinal analysis of a cohort HIV-infected adult men women on ART enrolled at Management Development for Health (MDH)-President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) HIV care treatment program Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Clinical immunologic responses to were compared from November 2004 June 2008. Cox regression analyses used study differences...
Objective: To describe the response to combinations of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) initiated early in course HIV infection under routine circumstances and research prognostic factors indicating good virologic response. Setting: Patients Aquitaine Cohort, a hospital-based open cohort that had been recruiting since 1987 five public hospitals region southwestern France. Methods: Prospective study antiretroviral-naive patients with CD4+ cell counts >0.350 × 109/L who...
Objective. Evidence from animal experiments and observational studies in humans suggests that vitamin A plays a fundamental role physical growth. However, results supplementation trials children are inconsistent; whereas some did not find an overall effect on growth, others found benefits only among specific groups, including with low concentrations of serum retinol or short duration breastfeeding. The apparent lack growth could be attributed to context-specific distribution conditions...
The effect of dietary fiber and fat on serum sex hormones was studied in premenopausal women. After an initial control period during which the diet high (40% calories as fat) low (12 g/day), amounts were varied setting a metabolic kitchen carefully monitored meals. Forty-eight women completed 58 protocols. When changed to low-fat (20-25% (40 there significant decreases concentrations estrone, estrone sulfate, testosterone, androstenedione, hormone binding globulin (SHBG) near estradiol free...