ContextPhysical activity has been shown to decrease the incidence of breast cancer, but effect on recurrence or survival after a cancer diagnosis is not known.ObjectiveTo determine whether physical among women with decreases their risk death from compared more sedentary women.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective observational study based responses 2987 female registered nurses in Nurses’ Health Study who were diagnosed stage I, II, III between 1984 1998 followed up until June 2002,...

Hydroxylation of 25(OH)D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and signaling through the vitamin receptor occur in various tissues not traditionally involved calcium homeostasis. Laboratory studies indicate that suppresses renin expression vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation; clinical demonstrate an inverse association between ultraviolet radiation, a surrogate marker for synthesis, blood pressure. We prospectively studied independent measured plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] levels risk...

Physically active individuals have a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer but the influence exercise on survival is unknown.By prospective, observational study 573 women with stage I to III cancer, we studied cancer-specific and overall mortality according predefined physical activity categories before after diagnosis by change in diagnosis. To minimize bias occult recurrences, excluded who died within 6 months their postdiagnosis assessment.Increasing levels nonmetastatic reduced (P...

We prospectively examined social ties and survival after breast cancer diagnosis.Participants included 2,835 women from the Nurses' Health Study who were diagnosed with stages 1 to 4 between 1992 2002. Of these women, 224 deaths (107 of related cancer) accrued year 2004. Social networks assessed in 1992, 1996, 2000 Berkman-Syme Networks Index. support was as presence availability a confidant. Cox proportional hazards models used prospective analyses support, both before following diagnosis,...

Purpose To determine whether weight prior to diagnosis and gain after are predictive of breast cancer survival. Methods Patients included 5,204 Nurses' Health Study participants diagnosed with incident, invasive, nonmetastatic between 1976 2000; 860 total deaths, 533 681 recurrences (defined as secondary lung, brain, bone, or liver cancer, death from cancer) accrued 2002. We computed the change in body mass index (BMI) before first BMI reported ≥ 12 months date diagnosis. Cox proportional...

Background: Evaluations of epidemiologic risk factors in relation to breast cancer classified jointly by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone (PR) status have been inconsistent. To address this issue, we conducted a prospective evaluation for according status. Methods: During 1 029 414 person-years follow-up 66 145 women participating the Nurses' Health Study from 1980 through 2000, identified 2096 incident cases which information on ER/PR was available: 1281 were ER+/PR+, 318 ER+/PR−, 80...

Laboratory data suggest that calcium and vitamin D, found at high levels in dairy products, might reduce breast carcinogenesis. However, epidemiologic studies regarding products cancer have yielded inconsistent results. We examined from a large, long-term cohort study to evaluate whether intake of calcium, or D is associated with reduced risk cancer.We followed 88 691 women the Nurses' Health Study date return their food-frequency questionnaire 1980 until May 31, 1996. Dietary information...

Androgen receptor (AR) is commonly expressed in breast cancers. However, the association between tumor AR status and cancer survival uncertain. Hence, we examined Nurses' Health Study (NHS).It was a prospective study of postmenopausal women enrolled with stage I to III diagnosed 1976 1997 followed from date diagnosis until January 1, 2008 or death. Analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier methods Cox proportional hazard models, determine outcomes adjusting for covariates.Among 1467...

Animal and in vitro studies suggest that aspirin may inhibit breast cancer metastasis. We studied whether use among women with decreased their risk of death from cancer.This was a prospective observational study based on responses 4,164 female registered nurses the Nurses' Health Study who were diagnosed stages I, II, or III between 1976 2002 observed until June 2006, whichever came first. The main outcome mortality according to number days per week (0, 1, 2 5, 6 7 days) first assessed at...

Hypertension, the leading single cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a growing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Few studies have estimated compared burden hypertension across different SSA populations. We conducted cross-sectional analysis blood pressure data collected through cohort study four countries, to estimate prevalence pre-hypertension, hypertension, identify factors associated with hypertension. Participants were from five population groups defined by...

High intakes of fat and specific fatty acids, including total, animal, saturated, polyunsaturated, trans-unsaturated fats, have been postulated to increase breast cancer risk.To determine whether acids are associated with cancer.Cohort study (Nurses' Health Study) conducted in the United States beginning 1976.A total 88795 women free 1980 followed up for 14 years.Relative risk (RR) invasive an incremental intake, ascertained by food frequency questionnaire 1980, 1984, 1986, 1990.A 2956 were...

Background: In several epidemiologic investigations, folate intake has appeared to reduce the elevated risk of breast cancer associated with moderate alcohol consumption. However, data relating plasma levels are sparse. We investigated association between and other vitamins in a prospective, nested case–control study. Methods: Blood samples were obtained during 1989 1990 from 32 826 women Nurses' Health Study who followed through 1996 for development cancer. identified 712 case patients...

To explore changes in physical and psychosocial function before after breast cancer by age at diagnosis.A total of 122,969 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) NHS 2, ages 29 to 71 years, who responded pre- postfunctional status assessments were included; 1,082 diagnosed with between 1992 1997. Functional was measured using Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 (SF-36). Mean change health-related quality life (HRQoL) scores computed across categories representing combination incident (yes or...

Abstract Background: Factors related to improving outcomes in breast cancer survivors are of increasing public health significance. We examined postdiagnosis weight change relation mortality risk a cohort survivors. Methods: analyzed data from 3,993 women with ages 20 79 years living New Hampshire, Massachusetts, or Wisconsin invasive nonmetastatic cancers diagnosed 1988 1999 identified through state registries. Participants completed structured telephone interview 1 2 after diagnosis and...

Although short-term unopposed estrogen use does not seem to increase breast cancer risk, the effect of longer-term remains unclear. We sought assess relationship between and risk invasive over an extended follow-up period.Within Nurses' Health Study, a prospective cohort study, we observed 11 508 postmenopausal women who had hysterectomy reported information on at baseline (1980). The study population was expanded every 2 years include subsequently became hysterectomy, so that 28 835 were...

BACKGROUND Little is known regarding how specific dietary factors affect the survival of women with breast carcinoma. METHODS Female registered nurses were followed biennial questionnaires in a prospective cohort 18 years follow-up. Participants carcinoma (n = 1982) diagnosed between 1976–1990 who completed food frequency questionnaire after diagnosis. The main outcome measure was time to death from any cause. Analysis made by multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS In analyses...

Vitamin D has immune-modulating effects and may protect against the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) rheumatoid arthritis (RA).We identified incident cases SLE RA among 186 389 women followed from 1980 to 2002 in Nurses' Health Study II cohorts. We excluded subjects where or was not confirmed by medical record review, those who failed return questionnaires. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires assessed vitamin intake supplements. used cumulative-updated total...

Abstract The association between individual foods and breast cancer has been inconsistent. Therefore, we examined the diet risk of postmenopausal by alternative approach dietary patterns. Dietary patterns were identified with factor analysis from food consumption data collected a frequency questionnaire in 1984. Relative risks computed using proportional hazard models adjusted for known factors cancer. Between 1984 2000, ascertained 3,026 incident cases We 2 major prudent pattern is...

Purpose There is little prior study of major dietary patterns and breast cancer survival. Methods Patients included 2,619 Nurses' Health Study participants who were diagnosed with invasive between 1982 1998 completed a questionnaire more than 1 year after diagnosis. Participants followed through 2002 (median = 9 years). During follow-up, 414 patients died any cause, 242 cancer, 172 from causes other cancer. Women in situ or metastatic disease at diagnosis excluded. We used Cox proportional...