Nirmala Iyer
A5040057026- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- CAR-T cell therapy research
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Cellular transport and secretion
- Connexins and lens biology
- Advanced Data Storage Technologies
- Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Janelia Research Campus
2014-2025
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
2014-2025
University of Cologne
2024-2025
The University of Queensland
2024
University of California, Berkeley
2024
Columbia University
2024
Helix (United States)
2012-2015
University of Mumbai
1991
We established a collection of 7,000 transgenic lines Drosophila melanogaster. Expression GAL4 in each line is controlled by different, defined fragment genomic DNA that serves as transcriptional enhancer. used confocal microscopy dissected nervous systems to determine the expression patterns driven adult brain and ventral nerve cord. present image data on 6,650 lines. Using both manual machine-assisted annotation, we describe most useful illustrate utility these for identifying novel...
We identified the neurons comprising Drosophila mushroom body (MB), an associative center in invertebrate brains, and provide a comprehensive map describing their potential connections. Each of 21 MB output neuron (MBON) types elaborates segregated dendritic arbors along parallel axons ∼2000 Kenyon cells, forming 15 compartments that collectively tile lobes. MBON project to five discrete neuropils outside three form feedforward network 20 dopaminergic (DAN) projects one, or at most two,...
Within cells, the spatial compartmentalization of thousands distinct proteins serves a multitude diverse biochemical needs. Correlative super-resolution (SR) fluorescence and electron microscopy (EM) can elucidate protein relationships to global ultrastructure, but has suffered from tradeoffs structure preservation, retention, resolution, field view. We developed platform for three-dimensional cryogenic SR focused ion beam-milled block-face EM across entire vitreously frozen cells. The...
ABSTRACT Insects exhibit an elaborate repertoire of behaviors in response to environmental stimuli. The central complex plays a key role combining various modalities sensory information with insect's internal state and past experience select appropriate responses. Progress has been made understanding the broad spectrum outputs from neuropils circuits involved numerous behaviors. Many resident neurons have also identified. However, specific roles these intricate structures functional...
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells kill virus-infected tumor through the polarized release of perforin granzymes. Perforin is a pore-forming toxin that creates lesion in plasma membrane target cell which granzymes enter cytosol initiate apoptosis. Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins are involved repair small wounds. We found ESCRT were precisely recruited to sites CTL engagement immediately after release. Inhibition machinery...
Precise, repeatable genetic access to specific neurons via GAL4/UAS and related methods is a key advantage of
Abstract Techniques that enable precise manipulations of subsets neurons in the fly central nervous system have greatly facilitated our understanding neural basis behavior. Split-GAL4 driver lines allow specific targeting cell types Drosophila melanogaster and other species. We describe here a collection 3060 range adult 1373 characterized third-instar larvae. These tools functional, transcriptomic, proteomic studies based on anatomical targeting. NeuronBridge search relate light microscopy...
Techniques that enable precise manipulations of subsets neurons in the fly central nervous system (CNS) have greatly facilitated our understanding neural basis behavior. Split-GAL4 driver lines allow specific targeting cell types Drosophila melanogaster and other species. We describe here a collection 3060 range adult CNS 1373 characterized third-instar larvae. These tools functional, transcriptomic, proteomic studies based on anatomical targeting. NeuronBridge search relate light microscopy...
To adapt to an ever-changing environment, animals consolidate some, but not all, learning experiences long-term memory. In mammals, memory consolidation often involves neural pathway reactivation hours after acquisition. It is known whether this delayed-reactivation schema common across the animal kingdom or how information stored during delay period. Here, we show that, courtship suppression learning, Drosophila exhibits delayed consolidation. We also that same class of dopaminergic neurons...
Summary Many animals rely on vision to navigate through their environment. The pattern of changes in the visual scene induced by self-motion is optic flow 1 , which first estimated local patches directionally selective (DS) neurons 2–4 . But how should arrays DS neurons, each responsive motion a preferred direction at specific retinal position, be organized support robust decoding downstream circuits? Understanding this global organization challenging because it requires mapping fine,...
Techniques that enable precise manipulations of subsets neurons in the fly central nervous system have greatly facilitated our understanding neural basis behavior. Split-GAL4 driver lines allow specific targeting cell types Drosophila melanogaster and other species. We describe here a collection 3060 range adult 1373 characterized third-instar larvae. These tools functional, transcriptomic, proteomic studies based on anatomical targeting. NeuronBridge search relate light microscopy images...
Techniques that enable precise manipulations of subsets neurons in the fly central nervous system have greatly facilitated our understanding neural basis behavior. Split-GAL4 driver lines allow specific targeting cell types Drosophila melanogaster and other species. We describe here a collection 3060 range adult 1373 characterized third-instar larvae. These tools functional, transcriptomic, proteomic studies based on anatomical targeting. NeuronBridge search relate light microscopy images...
Abstract Precise, repeatable genetic access to specific neurons via GAL4/UAS and related methods is a key advantage of Drosophila neuroscience. Neuronal targeting typically documented using light microscopy full GAL4 expression patterns, which generally lack the single-cell resolution required for reliable cell type identification. Here we use stochastic labeling with MultiColor FlpOut approach generate cellular confocal images at large scale. We are releasing aligned 74,000 such adult...
Many animals exhibit remarkable colors that are produced by the constructive interference of light reflected from arrays intracellular guanine crystals. These can fine-tune their crystal-based structural to communicate with each other, regulate body temperature, and create camouflage. While it is known these changes in color caused angle crystal relative incident light, cellular machinery drives change not understood. Here, using a combination 3D focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy...
ABSTRACT An automated ultra-microtome capable of sectioning thousands ultrathin sections onto standard TEM slot grids was developed and used to section: a complete Drosophila melanogaster first-instar larva, three per grid, into 4,866 34-nm-thick with cutting pickup success rate 99.74%; 30 microns mouse cortex measuring roughly 400 um x 2000 at 40 nm slice; full adult brain ventral nerve column 9,300 99.95%. The apparatus uses optical interferometers monitor reference distance between the...
Abstract Dopamine is a key chemical neuromodulator that plays vital roles in various brain functions. Traditionally, neuromodulators like dopamine are believed to be released diffuse manner and not commonly associated with synaptic structures where pre- postsynaptic processes closely aligned. Our findings challenge this conventional view. Using single-bouton optical measurements of release, we discovered predominantly from varicosities juxtaposed against the their target neurons. axons...
Abstract Living cells function through the spatial compartmentalization of thousands distinct proteins serving a multitude diverse biochemical needs. Correlative super-resolution (SR) fluorescence and electron microscopy (EM) has emerged as pathway to directly view nanoscale protein relationships underlying global ultrastructure, but traditionally suffered from tradeoffs structure preservation, retention, resolution, field view. We developed platform for three-dimensional correlative...
Understanding cellular architecture is essential for understanding biology. Electron microscopy (EM) uniquely visualizes structures with nanometer resolution. However, traditional methods, such as thin-section EM or tomography, have limitations inasmuch they only visualize a single slice relatively small volume of the cell, respectively. Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Microscopy (FIB-SEM) demonstrated ability to image samples at 4-nm isotropic voxels rather limited imageable volume. Here, we...
ABSTRACT Insects exhibit an elaborate repertoire of behaviors in response to environmental stimuli. The central complex plays a key role combining various modalities sensory information with insect's internal state and past experience select appropriate responses. Progress has been made understanding the broad spectrum outputs from neuropils circuits involved numerous behaviors. Many resident neurons have also identified. However, specific roles these intricate structures functional...