The photoreceptor phytochrome B (PHYB) and the homeodomain protein BEL5 are involved in response of potato tuber induction to photoperiod. However, whether they act same tuberization pathway is unknown. Here we show effect a microRNA, miR172, on this developmental event. miR172 levels higher under tuber-inducing short days than non-inductive long upregulated stolons at onset tuberization. Overexpression microRNA promotes flowering, accelerates moderately inductive photoperiods triggers...

African Oryza glaberrima and sativa landraces are considered valuable resources for breeding traits due to their adaptation local environmental soil conditions. They often possess superior resistance endemic pests tolerance drought nutrient deficiencies when compared the "imported" high production Asian rice varieties. In contrast, "domestication traits" such as seed shattering, lodging, yield not well established in these landraces. Therefore, use of varieties agriculture is limited by...

In crops, inflorescence complexity and the shape size of seed are among most important characters that influence yield. For example, rice panicles vary considerably in number order branches, elongation axis, seed. Manual low-throughput phenotyping methods time consuming, results unreliable. However, high-throughput image analysis qualitative quantitative traits is essential for understanding diversity panicle as well breeding programs.This paper presents P-TRAP software (Panicle TRAit...

Abstract The African cultivated rice ( Oryza glaberrima ) was domesticated in West Africa 3000 years ago. Although less than the Asian O. sativa ), landraces often display interesting adaptation to rustic environment (e.g. drought). Here, using RNA ‐seq technology, we were able compare more 12 000 transcripts between 9 glaberrima, 10 wild barthii and one meridionalis individuals. With a synonymous nucleotide diversity π s = 0.0006 per site, appears as least genetically diverse crop grass...

Rice exhibits a wide range of panicle structures. To explain these variations, much emphasis has been placed on changes in transcriptional regulation, but no large-scale study yet reported small RNA regulation the various rice species. evaluate this aspect, we performed deep sequencing and expression profiling RNAs from two closely related species with contrasting development: cultivated African Oryza glaberrima its wild relative barthii. Our RNA-seq analysis revealed dramatic difference...

In wheat, VRN1/TaVRN1 and VRN2/TaVRN2 determine the growth habit flowering time. addition, MADS box transcription factor VEGETATIVE TO REPRODUCTIVE TRANSITION 2 (TaVRT2) is also associated with vernalization response in a manner similar to TaVRN2. However, molecular relationship between these three genes their products unknown. Using transient expression assays Nicotiana benthamiana, we show that TaVRT2 acts as repressor of TaVRN1 transcription. binds CArG motif promoter represses its...

In rice, inflorescence architecture is established at early stages of reproductive development and contributes directly to grain yield potential. After induction flowering, the complexity branching, therefore number seeds on panicle, determined by activity different meristem types timing transitions between them. Although some genes involved in these have been identified, an understanding network transcriptional regulators controlling this process lacking. To address we used a precise laser...

SUMMARY The architecture of the rice inflorescence is an important determinant crop yield. length and number branches are among key factors determining spikelets, thus grains, that a plant will develop. In particular, timing identity transition from indeterminate branch meristem to determinate spikelet governs complexity inflorescence. this context, ALOG gene TAWAWA1 ( TAW1 ) has been shown delay development in Oryza sativa (rice). Recently, by combining precise laser microdissection...

Species of the palm family (Arecaceae) are remarkably diverse in their inflorescence and floral morphologies, which make them a particularly interesting group for studies reproductive development its evolution. Using light scanning electron microscopy, we describe flower African oil Elaeis guineensis from initiation meristem to maturity. In mature palms, develops over 2-3 years is characterized by individual stages within differentiation may be either relatively slow, as case early...

In vitro micropropagation based on somatic embryogenesis provides an efficient means to multiply selected genotypes of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Despite its considerable potential, can yield plants bearing a homeotic flowering abnormality known as mantled. Because the mantled is epigenetic, it cannot be detected with conventional structural molecular markers. Thus, develop discriminating among callus cultures carrying or lacking abnormality, we used gene expression approach. We...

In order to study the molecular regulation of flower development in monoecious species oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), cDNAs 12 MADS box genes from this plant belonging seven distinct subfamilies were previously isolated and characterized. Here studies carried out on five these genes, each likely be involved floral morphogenesis: EgSQUA1 (SQUAMOSA subfamily); EgAGL2-1 (AGL2 EgGLO2 (GLOBOSA EgDEF1 (DEFICIENS EgAG2 (AGAMOUS subfamily), are described. determine where when function, their spatial...

Identifying the molecular bases of adaptation is a key issue in evolutionary biology. Genome scan an efficient approach for identifying important variation involved adaptation. Association mapping also offers opportunity to gain insight into genotype-phenotype relationships. Using these two approaches coupled with environmental data should help come up refined picture process underlying In this study, we first conducted selection analysis on transcription factor gene family. We focused...

Summary In monocotyledons, the root system is mostly composed of postembryonic shoot‐borne roots called crown roots. rice ( Oryza sativa ), auxin promotes initiation via LOB ‐domain transcription factor LBD ) CROWN ROOTLESS 1 CRL 1); however, gene regulatory network downstream remains largely unknown. We tested transcriptional activity in yeast and planta , identified 1‐regulated genes using an inducible expression a transcriptome analysis, used situ hybridization to demonstrate coexpression...

Panicle architectural traits in rice (branching, rachis length, spikelet number) are established between panicle initiation and heading stages. They vary among genotypes prone to Genotype x Environment interactions. Together with number, architecture determines sink-based yield potential. Numerous studies analyzed genetic environmental variation of plant morphology, but the plasticity structure is less well understood. This study addressed response size limited light availability at level...

Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) is a dioecious species displaying strong dimorphism between pistillate and staminate flowers. The mechanisms involved in the development of unisexual flowers are as yet unknown.This paper describes results inflorescence flower studies using different histological molecular cytological approaches. Nuclear integrity cell division patterns reproductive organs were investigated through DAPI staining situ hybridization histone H4 gene probe.The earliest sex-related...

Background and AimsMolecular phylogenetic studies of palms (Arecaceae) have not yet provided a fully resolved phylogeny the family. There is need to increase current set markers resolve difficult groups such as Neotropical subtribe Bactridinae (Arecoideae: Cocoseae). We propose use two single-copy nuclear genes valuable tools for palm phylogenetics.

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The closely related NAC family genes NO APICAL MERISTEM (NAM) and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON3 (CUC3) regulate the formation of boundaries within between plant organs. NAM is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR164, whereas CUC3 not. To gain insight into evolution in angiosperms, we analysed orthologous early-diverging ANA-grade angiosperms gymnosperms. We obtained NAM- CUC3-like sequences from diverse gymnosperms a combination reverse transcriptase PCR, cDNA library screening database...

Rice yield is influenced by inflorescence size and architecture, inflorescences from domesticated rice accessions produce more branches grains. Neither the molecular control of branching nor developmental differences between wild are fully understood. We surveyed phenotypes related to branching, size, grain across 91 African Asian accessions. Characteristics axillary meristem identity were main phenotypic used whole transcriptome sequencing in developing measure gene expression before after...

African rice, Oryza glaberrima, is an invaluable resource for rice cultivation and the improvement of biotic abiotic resistance properties. Since its domestication in inner Niger delta ca. 2500 years BP, has colonized a variety ecologically climatically diverse regions. However, little known about genetic basis quantitative traits adaptive variation agricultural interest this species.Using reference set 163 fully re-sequenced accessions, we report results Genome Wide Association Study...