Phenotypic and genotypic characters of strains Neosartorya spinosa related taxa were analysed. N. spinosa, botucatensis paulistensis had identical partial beta-tubulin calmodulin gene sequences could not be differentiated on macro- micro-morphological characteristics, including by scanning electron microscopy. Based ascospore morphology, two separate groups are distinguished proposed as novel species. laciniosa sp. nov. has microtuberculate ascospores with bent crests distinct equatorial...

Photosynthetic light reactions rely on the proper function of large protein complexes (including photosystems I and II) that reside in thylakoid membrane. Although their composition, structure, are known, repertoire assembly maintenance factors is still being determined. Here we show an immunophilin cyclophilin type, CYP38, plays a critical role photosystem II (PSII) supercomplexes (SCs) Arabidopsis . Mutant plants with CYP38 gene interrupted by T-DNA insertion showed stunted growth were...

Positive phototaxis systems have been well studied in bacteria; however, the photoreceptor(s) and their downstream signaling components that are responsible for negative poorly understood. Negative sensory important cyanobacteria, oxygenic photosynthetic organisms must contend with reactive oxygen species generated by an abundance of pigment photosensitizers. The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 exhibits type IV pilus-dependent response to unidirectional UV-A...

Abstract The pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a public health emergency, and research on the development various types vaccines is rapidly progressing at an unprecedented speed internationally. Some have already been approved for emergency use are being supplied to people around world, but there still many ongoing efforts create new vaccines. Virus-like particles (VLPs) enable construction promising platforms in field vaccine development....

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are inevitably generated in aerobic organisms as by-products of normal metabolism or the result defense and development. ROS readily oxidize methionine (Met) residues proteins/peptides to form Met-R-sulfoxide Met-S-sulfoxide, causing inactivation malfunction proteins. A pepper (Capsicum annuum) sulfoxide reductase B2 gene (CaMsrB2) was isolated, its roles plant were studied. CaMsrB2 down-regulated upon inoculation with either incompatible compatible...

Summary Plants sense mechanical stimuli to recognise nearby obstacles and change their growth patterns adapt the surrounding environment. When roots encounter an obstacle, they rapidly bend away from impenetrable surface find edge of barrier. However, molecular mechanisms underlying root−obstacle avoidance are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PIN ‐ FORMED ( )‐mediated polar auxin transport facilitates root bending during obstacle avoidance. We analysed two types after touched...

Summary Using a yeast two‐hybrid system, we identified NtRpn3, regulatory subunit of 26S proteasome, as an interacting protein NtCDPK1 calcium‐dependent kinase in Nicotiana tabacum . Rpn3 is essential involved proteolysis cell cycle proteins, and the carrot homolog was previously isolated nuclear antigen that mainly expressed meristem. physically interacts with NtRpn3 vitro Ca 2+ ‐independent manner phosphorylates ‐dependent Mg cofactor. are co‐localized nucleus, periphery, around plasma...

FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) and cyclophilins (CYPs) are abundant ubiquitous belonging to the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) superfamily, which regulate much of metabolism through a chaperone or an isomerization proline residues during protein folding. They collectively referred as immunophilin (IMM), being present in almost all cellular organs. In particular, number IMMs relate environmental stresses.FKBP CYP rice (Oryza sativa cv. Japonica) were identified classified, given...

AtCYP19-4 (also known as CYP5) was previously identified interacting in vitro with GNOM, a member of large family ARF guanine nucleotide exchange factors that is required for proper polar localization the auxin efflux carrier PIN1. The present study demonstrated OsCYP19-4, gene encoding putative homologue AtCYP19-4, up-regulated by several stresses and showed over 10-fold up-regulation response to cold. further promoter OsCYP19-4 activated cold stress. An OsCYP19-4-GFP fusion protein...

Tuberization is an important developmental process in potatoes, but it highly affected by environmental conditions. Temperature a major factor affecting tuberization, with high temperatures suppressing tuber development. However, the temporal aspects of thermo-responsive tuberization remain elusive. In this study, we show that FT homolog StSP6A suppressed temporally distinct regulatory pathways. Experiments using StSP6A-overexpressing plants post-transcriptional regulation plays role at...

DNA gyrase, which catalyzes topological transformation of DNA, plays an essential role in replication and transcription prokaryotes. Virus-induced gene silencing NbGyrA or NbGyrB, putatively encode gyrase subunits A B, respectively, resulted leaf yellowing phenotypes Nicotiana benthamiana. NbGyrB complemented the gyrA gyrB temperature-sensitive mutations Escherichia coli, indicates that plant bacterial are functionally similar. were targeted to both chloroplasts mitochondria, depletion these...

Summary The CCR4‐associated factor 1 (CAF1) protein belongs to the CCR4‐NOT complex, which is an evolutionary conserved complex and plays important role in control of transcription mRNA decay yeast mammals. To investigate function CAF1 plants, we performed gain‐ loss‐of‐function studies by overexpression pepper ( CaCAF1 ) tomato virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants. Overexpression resulted significant growth enhancement, with increasing leaf thickness, enlarged cell size more than...

Abstract Background There is no dedicated database available for Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) of the chili pepper ( Capsicum annuum ), although interest in a EST increasing internationally due to nutritional, economic, and pharmaceutical value plant. Recent advances high-throughput sequencing ESTs cv. Bukang have produced hundreds thousands complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences. Therefore, was designed constructed enable comprehensive analysis gene expression response biotic abiotic stresses....

Cabbage is a relatively robust vegetable at low temperatures. However, high temperatures, cabbage has disadvantages, such as reduced disease tolerance and lower yields. Thus, selection of heat-tolerant an important goal in breeding. Easier or faster superior varieties cabbage, which are tolerant to heat have improved taste quality, can be achieved with molecular biological methods. We compared heat-responsive gene expression between line (HTCL), “HO”, heat-sensitive (HSCL), “JK”, by Genechip...

Abstract Cyclophilin 18‐2 ( CYP18‐2 ) genes, homologues of human peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase‐like 1 PPiL1 ), are conserved across multicellular organisms and S chizosaccharomyces pombe . Although is known to interact with ski‐interacting protein SKIP a transcriptional co‐regulator spliceosomal component, there have been no functional analyses in plants. Rice cyclophilin OsCYP 18‐2) bound directly amino acids 56–95 OsSKIP its binding was independent cyclosporin A , cyclophilin‐binding drug....

Background/Objectives: β-defensins are a family of classical endogenous antimicrobial peptides involved in innate immune response. encoded by large number loci and known to show extensive copy variations (CNVs) that may be useful as DNA markers for host resilience against pathogenic infections. Methods: We developed quantitative PCR-based method estimate the genomic numbers 13 pig β-defensin (pBD) genes analyzed range extent CNVs across several commercial breeds. Results: assessed 38 animals...

A cDNA encoding a chitinase-related receptor-like kinase, designated CHRK1, was isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The C-terminal kinase domain (KD) of CHRK1 contained all the conserved amino acids serine/threonine protein kinases. putative extracellular closely related to class V chitinase and microbial chitinases. mRNA accumulation strongly stimulated by infection with fungal pathogen mosaic virus. Amino acid-sequence analysis revealed that chitinase-like lacked essential glutamic...

Primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) are useful for studying viral infections and immune response in pigs; however, long-term use of these cells is limited by the cells' short lifespan. We immortalized primary PAMs transfecting them with both hTERT SV40LT established two cell lines (iPAMs) actively proliferating even after 35 passages. These possessed characteristics PAMs, including strong expression swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class II genes inability to grow...

OsCYP21-4 is a rice cyclophilin protein that binds to cyclosporine A, an immunosuppressant drug. CYP21-4s in Arabidopsis and were previously shown function as mitochondrial cyclophilins, determined by TargetP analysis. In the current study, we found OsCYP21-4-GFP localized Golgi, rather than mitochondria, Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, which was confirmed based on its co-localization with cis Golgi α-ManI-mCherry protein. transcript levels increased response treatments various abiotic...

Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 (PPIL1) is associated with the human spliceosome complex. However, its function in pre-mRNA splicing remains unclear. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana CYCLOPHILIN 18-2 (AtCYP18-2), a PPIL1 homolog, plays an essential role heat tolerance by regulating splicing. Under stress conditions, AtCYP18-2 expression was upregulated mature plants and GFP-tagged redistributed to nuclear cytoplasmic puncta. We determined interacts several complex BACT...