A5103225061- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- interferon and immune responses
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
The Pirbright Institute
2017-2025
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
2018
The Francis Crick Institute
2018
Fondation Mérieux
2018
University of Nottingham
2012-2015
Different influenza virus strains have caused a number of recent outbreaks killing scores people and causing significant losses in animal farming. Simple, rapid, sensitive, specific detection particular strains, such as pandemic strain versus previous seasonal influenza, plays crucial role the monitoring, controlling, management outbreaks. In this paper we describe dual recognition element lateral flow assay (DRELFA) which pairs nucleic acid aptamer with an antibody for use point-of-care...
Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) has been successfully used as live vaccine against Marek's disease (MD) worldwide for more than 40 years either alone or in combination with other serotypes. HVT is also widely a vector platform generation recombinant vaccines number avian diseases such infectious bursal (IBD), Newcastle (ND) and influenza (AI) using conventional recombination methods recombineering tools on cloned viral genomes. In the present study, we describe application CRISPR/Cas9-based...
Global deployment of an effective and safe vaccine is necessary to curtail the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we evaluated a Newcastle virus (NDV)-based vectored-vaccine in mice hamsters for its immunogenicity, safety, protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Intranasal administration recombinant (r)NDV-S expressing spike (S) protein SARS-CoV-2 induced high levels SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing immunoglobulin A (IgA)...
An H7N9 low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) emerged in 2013 through genetic reassortment between H9N2 and other LPAIVs circulating birds China. This causes inapparent clinical disease chickens, but zoonotic transmission results severe fatal humans. To examine a natural scenario G1 lineage viruses predominant the Indian subcontinent, we performed an experimental coinfection of chickens with A/Anhui/1/2013/H7N9 (Anhui/13) A/Chicken/Pakistan/UDL-01/2008/H9N2 (UDL/08) virus. Plaque...
H9N2 avian influenza viruses are primarily a disease of poultry; however, they occasionally infect humans and considered potential pandemic threat. Little work has been performed to assess the intrinsic biochemical properties related zoonotic viruses. The objective this study, therefore, was investigate haemagglutinins (HAs) using two well-known correlates for human adaption: receptor-binding avidity pH fusion. Receptor binding characterized bio-layer interferometry measure virus avian-like...
Abstract We characterized 55 influenza A(H9N2) viruses isolated in Pakistan during 2014–2016 and found that the hemagglutinin gene is of G1 lineage internal genes have differentiated into a variety novel genotypes. Some isolates had up to 4-fold reduction hemagglutination inhibition titers compared with older viruses. Viruses A180T/V substitutions conveyed this antigenic diversity also caused 3,500-fold greater binding avian-like >20-fold human-like sialic acid receptor analogs. This...
ABSTRACT H9N2 avian influenza viruses are enzootic in poultry across Asia and North Africa, where they pose a threat to human health as both zoonotic agents potential pandemic candidates. Poultry vaccination against has been employed many regions; however, vaccine effectiveness is frequently compromised due antigenic drift arising from amino acid substitutions the major virus antigen hemagglutinin (HA). Using selection with HA-specific monoclonal antibodies, we previously identified antibody...
H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) continue to evolve and remain a huge threat human health the poultry industry. Previously, serially passaging A/Anhui/1/2013 virus in presence of homologous ferret antiserum resulted immune escape containing amino acid substitutions alanine threonine at residues 125 (A125T) 151 (A151T) leucine glutamine residue 217 (L217Q) hemagglutinin (HA) protein. These HA mutations have also been found field isolates 2019. To investigate potential serum mutant humans...
Since the first human case in 2013, H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused more than 1500 infections with a mortality rate of approximately 40%. Despite large-scale poultry vaccination regimes across China, AIVs continue to persist and evolve rapidly poultry. Recently, several strains been isolated shown ability escape vaccine-induced immunity. To assess zoonotic risk recent AIV isolates, we rescued hemagglutinin (HA) neuraminidase (NA) from these six internal segments PR8 virus...
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically significant respiratory tract viral disease affecting poultry worldwide. There a scarcity of data on the types ILTV strains circulating in Turkey. This study aimed to determine frequency and genotypic variations Turkish strains. Commercial layer flocks (n = 14) broiler 105) with history diseases were visited. From each flock, 5 10 birds from different age groups necropsied. Clinical pathological lesions recorded, tracheal tissue samples...
Duck-targeted vaccines to protect against avian influenza are critically needed aid in disease control efforts regions where ducks endemic for highly pathogenic (HPAI). Duck enteritis virus (DEV) is a promising candidate viral vector development of targeting ducks, owing its large genome and narrow host range. The clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system versatile gene-editing tool that has proven beneficial gene modification construction recombinant DNA...
Respiratory epithelial cells and macrophages are the key innate immune that play an important role in pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection. We found these two cell types from both human pig showed comparable susceptibilities to initial infection with a highly pathogenic avian (HPAI) H5N1 (A/turkey/Turkey/1/05) moderately H1N1 (A/USSR/77), but there were contrasting differences host responses. Human mounted vigorous cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] interleukin-6 [IL-6])...
Abstract Pigs are evidently more resistant to avian than swine influenza A viruses, mediated in part through frontline epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages (AM). Although porcine AM (PAM) crucial virus control, their mode of control is unclear. To gain insight into the possible role PAM mediation resistance, we compared host effects replication two (H2N3 H6N1) three mammalian (swine H1N1, human H1N1 pandemic H1N1) viruses PAM. We found that were readily susceptible initial infection...
Avian influenza viruses continue to evolve and acquire mutations that facilitate antigenic drift virulence change. In 2017, low-pathogenicity H7N9 avian evolved a high-pathogenicity phenotype in China. Comparative analysis of the low- virus strains showed marked variability. order identify residues may be linked change among viruses, we serially passaged presence homologous ferret antiserum. Progeny able overcome neutralizing capacity antiserum were sequenced. The emergent immune escape...
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are highly contagious and have caused huge economical loss to the poultry industry. AIV vaccines remain one of most effective methods controlling this disease. Turkey herpesvirus (HVT) is a commonly used live attenuated vaccine against Marek's disease; it has also been as viral vector for recombinant development. The clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system gene editing tool which, in vaccinology, facilitated development DNA...
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have donated internal gene segments during the emergence of zoonotic AIVs, including H7N9. We used reverse genetics to generate A/Anhui/1/13 (H7N9) and three reassortant (2:6 H7N9) which contained hemagglutinin neuraminidase from Anhui/13 six AIVs belonging (i) G1 subgroup 2, (ii) 3, or (iii) BJ94 lineages, enzootic in different regions throughout Asia. Infection chickens with 2:6 H7N9 containing G1-like genes conferred attenuation vivo, reduced shedding...
Recent studies demonstrated that domestic cats can be naturally and experimentally infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study was performed to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies within cat population in Istanbul, Turkey, before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, from 155 sera analyzed, 26.45% (41/155) tested positive spike protein-ELISA (S-ELISA), 28.38% (44/155) receptor-binding...
Fowl adenovirus-4 is a causative agent of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) in chickens and has been frequently reported from many countries. adenoviruses cause severe disease mortality broiler layer breeders Azerbaijan. Therefore, this study, pathological lesions the dissemination fowl into visceral organs infected birds were investigated as well molecular characterisation detected strains. For this, liver, heart spleen 20 necropsied originated breeder flock embeded on FTA cards...
Abstract Since 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) has suffered repeated epizootics of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in wild birds and poultry, resulting substantial economic losses due to enforced statutory control. The rapid evolution HPAIVs continues raise concern with heightened zoonotic pandemic risks. immunodominant haemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is crucial for virus receptor binding pH-induced fusion viral cellular membranes. Mutations HA are...
Abstract Background Reverse genetics is used in many laboratories around the world and enables creation of tailor-made influenza viruses with a desired genotype or phenotype. However, process not flawless, difficulties remain during cloning gene segments into reverse vectors (pHW2000, pHH21, pCAGGS). begins making cDNA copies them bi-directional (pHW2000) uni-directional plasmids (pHH21, pCAGGS) followed by transfection recombinant plasmid(s) to HEK-293 T any other suitable cells which are...
High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is a subtype of the A virus primarily found in birds. The emerged China 1996 and has spread globally, causing significant morbidity mortality birds humans. In Cambodia, lethal case was reported February 2023 involving an 11-year-old girl, marking first human HPAI infection country since 2014. This research examined zoonotic potential isolate, A/Cambodia/NPH230032/2023 (KHM/23), by assessing its receptor binding, fusion pH, HA thermal stability,...
Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) is an ideal viral vector for the generation recombinant vaccines against a number avian diseases, such as influenza (AI), Newcastle disease (ND), and infectious bursal (IBD), using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mutagenesis or conventional recombination methods.The clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has been successfully used in many settings gene editing, including manipulation several large DNA virus genomes.We have...
Passive immunisation with neutralising antibodies can be a potent therapeutic strategy if used pre- or post-exposure to variety of pathogens. Herein, we investigated whether recombinant monoclonal (mAbs) could protect chickens against avian influenza. Avian influenza viruses impose significant economic burden on the poultry industry and pose zoonotic infection risk for public health worldwide. Traditional control measures including vaccination do not provide rapid protection from disease,...